Words and Proper Names

On the word á ‘wagon, cart’ and the verse which glosses it in Cormac’s Glossary, beg. In essar dam do ā.

Argues that the declension of the oblique cases of the OIr. ā-stems can be derived regularly from Indo-European with the intervention of the analogical spread to the nominal inflection of an extended stem in *-osiā- based on the forms here postulated for the accusative, genitive and dative of the 3rd sg. fem. demonstrative pronoun.

The first element of Máire Muire in Nils Holmer 1942 (BILL 2786) is to be interpreted as akin to ScG ban-rìgh.

1. Dul comhréire tuaisceartach i nGaeilge na Mumhan (The northern structure ‘Subject Object a^L + Verbal Noun’ also to be found marginally in Munster Irish);

2. Ainmní breise sa chlásal neamhfhinideach (The related structure in non-finite clauses of (gan) Noun{1} Noun{2} a bheith Prepositional Pronoun{1} …; also more common in northern than southern dialects; for more detailed discussion, see J. McCloskey and P. Sells, Control and A-chains in Modern Irish, in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6 (1998), pp. 143-189).

[1.] Evidence for Gaelic speech in Banffshire in 1881; [2.] Evidence for the Gaelic dialect of Banffshire. Features with corresponding maps discussed incl.: 1. -am, -om; 2. -all, -oll, -ann, -onn; 3./4. Preaspiration before t and p; 5. -adh > Ø; 6. bh > u; 7. Slender -nn > [ŋʹ]; 8. -m + f- > -m + b-; 9. -n + s- > -n + z-; 10. -n + ʃ> -n + ʤ; 11. ‘east’ (sìos), ‘west’ (suas); 12. down(wards) (a-bhàn); [3.] Conclusions.

1. ní, nithinn, a bheag, cineál; 2. dada, tada, rud, neamhní, náit, puinn, se(o)id, pioc, bit, fríd, giob, luid, heat, pingin, ás, bonn, sciúrtóg, screapall; 3. dath, lí, ceo, seó, leus, poidhs, scaile, steama; 4. sian, seinm, guth, dùrd, focal, puth, diog, cneadadh; 5. blas, gráinne, greim, smailc, deoir; 6. cáil, cruthaitheachd, tarbha, faic(e), tap, car, fionna-feanna, folt.

1. conús [also conuas, conas, both < canós]; 2. froisín [< fras + ín]; 3. priompallán [also pr(o)impeallán, prompalán < Engl ‘bumble’ (= ‘bumblebee’; prombarlán, plumbarlán, primpearlán, plimpearlán, prumparlán < Engl ‘bumbler’ (= ‘bumblebee’); variants with tr(i)omp-, trump-, treamp- influenced by trompa ‘jew’s harp’; ‘etymological’ spelling proimpsheilleán derives from W. Shaw’s form priompsheillain]; 4. rumpall [< Engl ‘rumble’; cf. ‘etymological’ spelling rumptholl]; 5. *alfat ‘a cause’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707), who copied two consecutive words (al, fáth) in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662) as one word; gives rise to other variants: alfad, álfath, alfáth]; 6. *alfhalach ‘hide’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707) for a bhfalach in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662); gives rise to alfalach ‘thoroughly hid’].

Discusses different responses in LASID for the word ‘anything’ in Ulster dialects and their distribution, e.g. a dhath, aon dath, dadaidh, dadamh, rud ar bith, etc. Outlines how a dhath ar bith may have been introduced into Omeath Irish from North-West Donegal.

Final -a in borrowed words. Some discussion of old nominative as new genitive.

On the failure of lenition following neuter pl. -a.

The insertion of -n- before 3 sg. / pl. and 1 pl. possessive adjectives, usually (though not always) following prepositions ending in a vowel. Compare similar insertion of -án- in Cois Fhairrge.

Conditions under which PrimIr. *i and *a are rounded by a preceding labiovelar; non-rounding of *e in similar phonetic context.

Argues that the place name Loch Obha contains an old genitive preserving the vocalism of nominative aub, oub.

ad LEIA A-5.

Discusses the etym. of OIr. abacc and its relationship to aub.

Umbrian ařfertur is compared to OIr. ad·opair.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

Argues that OIr. ubull derives ultimately from Pre-Celtic *oblu (comparable to Balto-Slavic *ā̆blu), and argues that this belongs to a group of substratum words where original *a has given *o in Celtic.

Umbrian ařfertur is compared to OIr. ad·opair.

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

Examines the distribution of place-names in northern Britain which contain elements defined as P-Celtic. Appendix 1: Survey of place-name elements organized according to their degree of Pictishness (Category 1: P-Celtic words probably not borrowed into Gaelic: *aber or *abbor, *bren or *brun, *cēt, *cuper, *dol, *eclēs, *lanerc, *mig, *ogel, *pant, *pen, *pert, *pevr, *pren, ?*roth, *traus/*tros, Note on *nemed; Category 2: P-Celtic words borrowed into Gaelic but only attested in place-names: *cair, *carden, *gronn; Category 3: P-Celtic loan-words attested as common nouns in Gaelic: bad, dail, monadh, pett, pòr, preas; Category 4: Gaelic elements influenced by a Pictish cognate: ? beinn, blàr, càrn, dabhach, dùn, foithir, lios, ràth, srath); Appendix 2: The problem of Cardean; Appendix 3: A note on Keir; Appendix 4: Certain, probable or possible ‘Pictish’ names containing elements not discussed above.

1. Bede and the name Dalriada; 2. Froissart’s Montres and Melrose Abbey; 3. William Worcestre on Stormont and Dercongal; 4. William Worcestre on Lough Hakern, Islay; 5. Cardenden and Kincardine; 6. Abercorn, Lothian; 7. Insula Leverith, the old name of Cramond Island; 8. Coldingham, near Berwick; 9. Penchrise, near Hawick; 10. Aberlosk, near Moffat; 11. Girvan, Ayrshire.

Repr. in In the beginning was the name, pp. 228-242.

1. The isle of Arran; 2. Carmyle, Glasgow; 3. Carmunnock, near Glasgow; 4. The river Gryfe, near Paisley; 5. Watcarrick, near Lockerbie; 6. ‘Crachoctre’, near Coldingham; 7. Gogar, near Edinburgh; 8. Two Angus place-names: Prosen Water and Aberlemno; 9. Arbirlot, near Arbroath; 10. The Water of May, near Perth.

[1.] An emendation to Ptolemy’s Vacomagi; [2.] An emendation to Boresti in Tacitus; [3.] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 952 and Stirling; [4.] St. Kentigern and Aberlessic, Lothian; [5.] Dubuice, Lurchaire, and the Book of Deer.

1. Bede and the name Dalriada; 2. Froissart’s Montres and Melrose Abbey; 3. William Worcestre on Stormont and Dercongal; 4. William Worcestre on Lough Hakern, Islay; 5. Cardenden and Kincardine; 6. Abercorn, Lothian; 7. Insula Leverith, the old name of Cramond Island; 8. Coldingham, near Berwick; 9. Penchrise, near Hawick; 10. Aberlosk, near Moffat; 11. Girvan, Ayrshire.

Argues that the abgitorias and elementa that St. Patrick is said by Tírechán to have written are best taken as meaning ‘guides to monastic life’, comparable to OIr. aibgitir in Apgitir Chrábaid.

Argues that the abgitorias and elementa that St. Patrick is said by Tírechán to have written are best taken as meaning ‘guides to monastic life’, comparable to OIr. aibgitir in Apgitir Chrábaid.

Argues that the comparison with Anatolian proves the antiquity of Celtic n-stem paradigm *abō *abens.

Breamhainn, Carrann, Abhainn Chonainn, Calann.

[1.] Evidence for Gaelic speech in Banffshire in 1881; [2.] Evidence for the Gaelic dialect of Banffshire. Features with corresponding maps discussed incl.: 1. -am, -om; 2. -all, -oll, -ann, -onn; 3./4. Preaspiration before t and p; 5. -adh > Ø; 6. bh > u; 7. Slender -nn > [ŋʹ]; 8. -m + f- > -m + b-; 9. -n + s- > -n + z-; 10. -n + ʃ> -n + ʤ; 11. ‘east’ (sìos), ‘west’ (suas); 12. down(wards) (a-bhàn); [3.] Conclusions.

Focuses on nineteen distinctive features of the Strathspey dialect:

1. Dropping of final unstressed vowel; 2. Dropping of vowel in -as ending; 3. Dropping of -adh ending; 4. He/it (m) (emphatic form) [ScG eise]; 5. They (pronunciation) [ScG aid]; 6. Independent future ending [-(e)as]; 7 & 8: Preaspiration; 9. Breaking of long é; 10. bh vocalized to u; 11. Final slender nn pronounced as ng; 12. Broad s becomes z (when preceded by n); 13. f becomes b (when preceded by m; 14. Playing [ScG. a’ cluich]; 15. Children [ScG cloinn]; 16. Down(wards) [ScG a-bhàn]; 17. East(wards) and west(wards) [ScG sìos, suas]; 18. (Fresh) water [bùrn]; 19. Boy [ScG praitseach].

Claims that ModIr. ábhar, ábharsaíocht, abharsaíocht derives from OIr. adabair.

Claims that ModIr. ábhar, ábharsaíocht, abharsaíocht derives from OIr. adabair.

ad T. F. O’Rahilly, in Ériu 13 (1942), pp. 216-217 (BILL 1717). Argues that OIr. forbrú has lenited bh by analogy with abhra, fabhra ‘eyelash, eyelid, (eye)brow’.

Identifies and discusses personal names of certain or arguable Irish origin (Abniar, Adamnan, Bressal, Brón, Denma, Dengus, Faelfi, Fergus, Finan, Fladgus, Reachtchriðe, Salfach, Ultan; Cuna, Cunen, Honoc, Maethcor, Mucca, Ona, Onboth).

ad IEW 323-325. Includes a discussion of the Irish forms listed therein (íarⁿ, íad-, oíbell etc.) and adds Ir. abra to the comparison.

1. Introduction: the third palatalisation and proposed exceptions; 2. Miscuis ‘hatred’ and accuis ‘cause’; 3. Velarisation of consonants; 4. Other evidence: the copula; 5. Summary. In Appendix: The distribution of forms of etar ‘between’.

Discusses a number of linguistic features of Irish and Scottish place-names, incl. fossils of neuter gender, lenition, eclipsis, and -in ⁓ -ie variation and -ach in Scottish place-names.

On the gen. pl. terminations -ann and -ach in dialects of Ulster and north Connacht.

Má go, maga, maha go ‘if not, unless’. Confusion of prepositions ach and amach ó ‘except’ spread to conjunction ach go, hence amach ó go (= má go), from which Ros Guill preposition amach ach was extracted based on homophony of ach and ó in this dialect as /a/. Cf. B. Ó Buachalla, in Ériu 23 (1972), pp. 143-161.

Earlier version published in Tipperary Historical Journal (2005), pp. 9–23.

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

Má go, maga, maha go ‘if not, unless’. Confusion of prepositions ach and amach ó ‘except’ spread to conjunction ach go, hence amach ó go (= má go), from which Ros Guill preposition amach ach was extracted based on homophony of ach and ó in this dialect as /a/. Cf. B. Ó Buachalla, in Ériu 23 (1972), pp. 143-161.

Repr. in In the beginning was the name, pp. 169-177.

Discusses the etym. of (I) OIr. ed ‘space, distance, interval, etc.' and related ined (later inad) ‘place, spot, position, etc.', and id ‘withe, fetter, etc.', all from basic PIE root *ped- ‘foot’; and argues against C. Marstrander (in BILL: 1471) that achad and machad are compounds of an s-stem with a second element *-edo- from the above-mentioned PIE root.

Revised by the author in ZCP 44 (1991), pp. 74-75.

Revision of E. P. Hamp, Old Irish ed, id, in ZCP 34 (1975), pp. 20-29.

Contains an excursus on the origin of the place-name Aghaderg, Co. Down.

ad C. Plummer, BNÉ ii, p. 23 (identified with Aughagrany, bar. Mohill, Co. Leitrim).

The arable lands [ScG achadh, dail, goirtean, gead, io(dh)lann, claigionn, losaid, etc.]; The grazing lands [ScG ailean, bàrd, blàr, cluain, innis, lòn, machair, morbhach, magh, etc.]; Animal enclosures [ScG buaile, crò, cuithe/cuidhe, etc.]; Transhumance names [ScG airigh, rinn/roinn, both(an), sgail, etc.].

Repr. in In the beginning was the name, pp. 169-177.

pp. 108-116: Irish -óc/-uc; pp. 131-135: Irish -ach and d(a)e.

App. V contains a collection of derivatives formed with the suffixes -ach/-ech and óc/-óg.

Rev. by
Aidan Doyle, textit{in} Lingua 87/4 (Aug. 1992), pp. 345-347.
Pierre-Yves Lambert, in ÉtC 30 (1994), pp. 317-321.
Karl Horst Schmidt, in ZCP 45 (1992), pp. 307-310.
Arwyn Watkins, in StC 26-27 (1991-1992), pp. 272-274.

1. acht coⁿ ‘provided that’; 2. acht go i nGaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne; 3. acht go i nGaeilge na Gaillimhe; 4. acht go i nGaeilge Iorrais; 5. acht go i nGaeilge Dhún na nGall; 6. acht go i nGaeilge na hAlban; 7. Réimse shéimeantach acht go; 8. Léiriú; 9. acht sa Nua-Ghaeilge; 10. Conclúid.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

Examples extracted from De causis torchi Corc’ Óche.

1. acht coⁿ ‘provided that’; 2. acht go i nGaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne; 3. acht go i nGaeilge na Gaillimhe; 4. acht go i nGaeilge Iorrais; 5. acht go i nGaeilge Dhún na nGall; 6. acht go i nGaeilge na hAlban; 7. Réimse shéimeantach acht go; 8. Léiriú; 9. acht sa Nua-Ghaeilge; 10. Conclúid.

Examples extracted from De causis torchi Corc’ Óche.

MIr. acrann.

Offers an account of selected instances (both certain and doubtful) of lexical borrowing from Irish into Welsh: MW archan, MW diarchenad (< OIr. acrann?); MW cleirch (< OIr. cléirech); MW cor, dryccor (< OIr. cor, *droccor); MW denghyn (< OIr. daingen); MW graen(n)wyn(n) (perhaps includes OIr. gráin as element?); MW llonn (< OIr. lonn); MW mab llen (< OIr. mac léiginn); MW ochsael/ochsail (< OIr. oxal); MW wynebclawr (< OIr. clárainech).

Discusses other PIE parallels of ‘Act of Truth’ and cognate verbal expressions of the following four expressions: 1. Is tre ḟír flathemon ‘it is through the ruler’s truth’; 2. mortlithi (mórslóg no) márlóchet di doínib dingbatar ‘plagues, (a great host, or) great lightnings are warded off men’; 3. gáu ḟlathemon ‘ruler’s falsehood’; 4. ní[n]-aurdallat dána (support for emendation to ní-n-aurdallat anai ‘let not riches blind him’ (see F. Kelly, AM §31); 5. to- aidble éisc i sruthaib -snáither (emends to to- aidbli éisc i sruthaib -snáither ‘with abundance of fish it is swum in streams’, taking to-snáither to be an impersonal passive rather than 2nd sg. deponent (see F. Kelly, AM §20).

Repr. in Watkins selected writings II, pp. 626-643.

Argues it derives from a PIE idiom *adĝ^(h)osti- ‘that which is at/to hand’, which has a semantic parallel in Lat. praestō < *prae-hest-ōd (cf. PIE *ĝ^(h)es- ‘hand’).

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

Uses Hittite comparisons to argue for a specific meaning ‘hawthorn’ or ‘whitethorn’ for OIr. rare plant name ad.

ad E. P. Hamp, ‘Intensives in British Celtic and Gaulish: intensive ad- in Welsh’, StC 12-13 (1977-78), p. 6.

Discusses in particular the use of the independent dative, the preposition ol, and the phrases ol-daas, in-daas, a-daas to express the standard of comparison.

Claims that ModIr. ábhar, ábharsaíocht, abharsaíocht derives from OIr. adabair.

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

OIr. adaig.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

[1.] ‘cuello’; [2.] ‘cuerno’; [3.] ‘sueño’, ‘dormir’; [4.] ‘agua’.

§6: Non-IE words in Insular Celtic [discusses ainder, carr, carra, carrac, carn, cala (ScG), barra (ScG), cuan, adarc, mothar, land]; §7: Non-IE names in Scotland [discusses Alba(n), Isla, Sale, Caledonia, etc.].

Discusses various examples of medieval Irish literary etymologizing: 1. Oisín (from Dinnshenchas); 2. áes síde (from Echtra Conli); 3. Cenn Currig, Currech Lifi and Bodamair (from Bruiden Átha hÍ); 4. Adarca Iuchna and *Léimm Finn (from Aided Find).

Repr. in The heroic process (1987), pp. 1-24.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

Generic terms: 1. OIr. ech; 2. W march, OIr. marc; 3. MW cafall, ceffyl, caffon, OIr. capall; 4. W gorwydd; 5. W eddystyr [OIr. adastar]; 6. OIr. gabor; 7. mandu? [MIr. menn]. ‘Stallion’ [OIr. caullach, etc.]. ‘Gelding’ [OIr. meile]. ‘Mare’ [OIr. láir]. ‘Foal’ [OIr. lurchaire; OIr. serrach].

Supplements the traditional account of the syntax of at-bail with the description of an additional usage where subject of the verb expresses what is lost and the direct object the person who undergoes the loss.

Umbrian ařfertur is compared to OIr. ad·opair.

ad-bheir, do-ghní, ro-d fia (= OIr. rot-bia), aill in feacht n-aill (= OIr. neut. aill), dochum/chum, beidid (< MIr. beitit), roimh^l.

Derives it from ciïd (‘weeps’).

Provides an analysis within the framework of case grammar of this range of expressions – excluding the copula and the substantive verb– along with other stative concepts expressing cognition, perception and possession, and postulates a common underlying syntactic structure where the logical subject is expressed in the locative case.

Studies, within a new typological frame, the role, forms and syntax of reported speech in Modern Irish, focusing in particular on deir/adeir, the most used verbum dicendi.

OIr. ad-géuin/-aithgéuin.

OIr. ad-géuin/-aithgéuin.

Discusses the continuation in Insular Celtic of the PIE nasal presents made to roots in final laryngeal (exemplified by OIr. sernaid, ernaid, marnaid, ·cella, ·ella, -t·baill, ·gnin).

[1.] Evidence for Gaelic speech in Banffshire in 1881; [2.] Evidence for the Gaelic dialect of Banffshire. Features with corresponding maps discussed incl.: 1. -am, -om; 2. -all, -oll, -ann, -onn; 3./4. Preaspiration before t and p; 5. -adh > Ø; 6. bh > u; 7. Slender -nn > [ŋʹ]; 8. -m + f- > -m + b-; 9. -n + s- > -n + z-; 10. -n + ʃ> -n + ʤ; 11. ‘east’ (sìos), ‘west’ (suas); 12. down(wards) (a-bhàn); [3.] Conclusions.

Some discussion of ad(h)arc, corn, bleide, coppán, hirlas (W).

Focuses on information concerning the early Irish lip-blown aerophones; incl. terminological discussion, with tables.

Discusses the 2nd pl. of the copula, including conjunct forms (cenuded, cenutad).

Republ. in Lindeman studies, pp. 181-184.

Discusses the metrical tract entitled Córus bard cona bairdne (Mittelirische Verslehren I, ed. by R. Thurneysen 1891 [Best¹, p. 53]). Includes a list of the metres associated with every grade.

1. ientu- ⁓ iantu-; 2. namanto-: its distribution; 3. carant-, carat-; 4. caro-; 5. namant-: its morphology; 6. ad-namat-: its morphology; 7. OIr. serc [śerk]; 8. nantu-, nanti-; 9. Sego- and u̯al-; 10. The stem i(e)ntu-; 11. Conclusion; [12.] Appendix [on some Latin parallels].

Criticises E. Mac Néill’s translation of the opening section of Uraicecht Becc (in Best² 2172), showing that it is based on the glossator’s comment rather than the principal text, and accordingly suggests that Mac Néill’s airecar ‘is found’ should be substituted by the reading of the original text, either H 3. 18 arragar ‘is bound’ or BB agar ‘is pleaded’. Includes a translation of the original text of the eight following sections. Also criticises R. Thurneysen’s translation (in Best² 2164) of the legal terms aithne (MS aichnid) and aithnid.

Identifies and discusses personal names of certain or arguable Irish origin (Abniar, Adamnan, Bressal, Brón, Denma, Dengus, Faelfi, Fergus, Finan, Fladgus, Reachtchriðe, Salfach, Ultan; Cuna, Cunen, Honoc, Maethcor, Mucca, Ona, Onboth).

Discusses berid, ad-opair, fúabair and related forms.

Umbrian ařfertur is compared to OIr. ad·opair.

Corrects the headword “2 reg-'' in LEIA R-15 to reig-.

Criticises E. Mac Néill’s translation of the opening section of Uraicecht Becc (in Best² 2172), showing that it is based on the glossator’s comment rather than the principal text, and accordingly suggests that Mac Néill’s airecar ‘is found’ should be substituted by the reading of the original text, either H 3. 18 arragar ‘is bound’ or BB agar ‘is pleaded’. Includes a translation of the original text of the eight following sections. Also criticises R. Thurneysen’s translation (in Best² 2164) of the legal terms aithne (MS aichnid) and aithnid.

Annals of Inisfallen, s.a. 810, is to be taken as ‘the law (or laws) concerning cows, of Darí and of Aduar son of Echen, promulgated in Mumu’.

Argues that the declension of the oblique cases of the OIr. ā-stems can be derived regularly from Indo-European with the intervention of the analogical spread to the nominal inflection of an extended stem in *-osiā- based on the forms here postulated for the accusative, genitive and dative of the 3rd sg. fem. demonstrative pronoun.

ad Vita Tripatita, 146.7-14 (as ed. by W. Stokes, 1887 [Best¹, p. 240]), where fishermen are said to be able to distinguish salmon by river.

Poem beg. Gabh umad a Fheidhlimidh addressed to Feidhlim(idh) Fionn, son of Ó Conchobhair Ruadh and composed by the historian Torna Ua Maoil Chonaire (†1468) c. 1464-66. Refers to two other poems possibly composed by same author, i.e. Tosach féile fairsinge, addressed to Tomaltach son of Conchobhar Óg MacDiarmada, chief of Magh Luirg (†1458); Buaidh n-easbaig ar Ardachadh, addressed to Cormac MagShamhradhain, bishop of Ardagh 1444-ca. 1476. Notes association of ae freislighe metre with informal poetry and its use by gifted amateurs rather than professional bards.

From Egerton 88; edition, with English translation and linguistic discussion (particulary of the terms tellach, grísach, æal, drolam, innber).

OIr. aél.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 95-100.

On the etym. of OIr. áer.

ad V. E. Orel, OIr. áer, in BBCS 32 (1985), pp. 164-166.

Points out the similarities in form and function between OIr. treḟocul and Norse niðstǫng, arguing in favour of a common origin for these two maledictory practices.

Discusses gáibhéireacht and related words (áibhéireacht, aeraíocht, etc.).

Includes an appendix on the principal divisions in early Irish social ideology, the four main classes being áes dána, díberga, briugaid, féni (flaithi / ríg).

Continued from Éigse 18 (1981), pp. 183-209.

Discusses various examples of medieval Irish literary etymologizing: 1. Oisín (from Dinnshenchas); 2. áes síde (from Echtra Conli); 3. Cenn Currig, Currech Lifi and Bodamair (from Bruiden Átha hÍ); 4. Adarca Iuchna and *Léimm Finn (from Aided Find).

Repr. in The heroic process (1987), pp. 1-24.

1. Introduction; 2. Historical and typological background; 3. The past participle periphrases in Munster Irish; 4. Possessive ag or agentive ag?; 5. The use of the perfect in Irish; 6. The perfect in Ulster Irish and Manx; 7. Historical background; 8. Conclusions.

Describes the development of the use of the prepositions le, ag and ó to form agent phrases in Modern Irish; includes a brief discussion of the state of affairs in Early Irish.

Based on the speech of one houselhold in Na Machaireacha, Gaoth Dobhair, Donegal: 1. -/xʹə/ in 3 sg. fem. and -/fə/ in 3 pl. forms of the compound preposition i ndéidh, e.g. ina déidh-che ‘after her’, ina ndéidh-fa ‘after them’; 2. é féin following 3 sg. masc. prepositional pronouns; 3. Generalisation of ina sheasamh, ina shuí, etc. with every person; 4. Variation in article between an and an t- with masc. nouns beg. with s- in the nom. sg. (e.g. an tsiopa) and also with masc. nouns beg. with a vowel in nom. sg. and when preceded by a preposition (e.g. an airgead, ar an t-éadan); 5. ag goil + vn + object pronoun; 6. The direct in place of the indirect relative particle; 7. más mó … más fearr.

ag seo, ag sin.

ag seo, ag sin.

On the development of the oblique relative clause in Irish.

1. giústa / giúsda / giusda; 2. bolb; 3. corsaicí / cursaicí / cosaicí / cosáicí; 4. (sna) luchógaí; 5. agaill / agailt / agaille / angailt / anglach; 6. pailis / pailís / pálás.

1. giústa / giúsda / giusda; 2. bolb; 3. corsaicí / cursaicí / cosaicí / cosáicí; 4. (sna) luchógaí; 5. agaill / agailt / agaille / angailt / anglach; 6. pailis / pailís / pálás.

1. giústa / giúsda / giusda; 2. bolb; 3. corsaicí / cursaicí / cosaicí / cosáicí; 4. (sna) luchógaí; 5. agaill / agailt / agaille / angailt / anglach; 6. pailis / pailís / pálás.

Argues that the distribution of the ‘gapping’ and ‘resumptive pronoun’ types of the prepositional relative clause in Old, Middle and Modern Irish depends on the processing complexity of relative constructions.

Criticises E. Mac Néill’s translation of the opening section of Uraicecht Becc (in Best² 2172), showing that it is based on the glossator’s comment rather than the principal text, and accordingly suggests that Mac Néill’s airecar ‘is found’ should be substituted by the reading of the original text, either H 3. 18 arragar ‘is bound’ or BB agar ‘is pleaded’. Includes a translation of the original text of the eight following sections. Also criticises R. Thurneysen’s translation (in Best² 2164) of the legal terms aithne (MS aichnid) and aithnid.

Aghaderg, Lenaderg, Derry.

Repr. from BUPNS 3/1 (Spring 1955), pp. 1-4.

Contains an excursus on the origin of the place-name Aghaderg, Co. Down.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

aghaidh, éadan, aodan.

Online publication available at: https://comhartaighde.ie/eagrain/5/williams/ [Accessed 4 January 2020].

1. ‘Goosegrass’ (Galium aparine) [Ir. garbhlus, airmeirig, uirlis chríonna, sop séaláin, etc.]; 2. ‘Hemlock water-dropwort’ (Oenanthe crocata) [Ir. athabha, dathabha].

Further to Brian Ó Cuív, in Nomina 8 (1984), pp. 57-71.

A comparison of the adverbial clause of the type OIr. os mé... etc. with the corresponding Hebrew idiom.

As followed by (1) a nominative absolute type of construction, (2) a verbal-noun / infinitive type of construction.

English version in Fs. Rekdal, pp. 247-281.

English version of SGS 28 (2011), pp. 254-306.

A note by David Greene on Old Irish numeral syntax edited posthumously by F. K.

The beginning of the biblical story of Ahab and Jezebel concerning wives’ advice (1 Kings, 21.4-5) served as a model in Wales and in Ireland (e.g. Scéla muicce Meic Da Thó, Fled Bricrenn).

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

Argues that the declension of the oblique cases of the OIr. ā-stems can be derived regularly from Indo-European with the intervention of the analogical spread to the nominal inflection of an extended stem in *-osiā- based on the forms here postulated for the accusative, genitive and dative of the 3rd sg. fem. demonstrative pronoun.

Discusses OIr. mac uad (Corm. Y 599) and its relationship to W tad awen (in Talhaearn’s epithet Tat Aguen).

§6 Celtic [discusses the Celtic cognates of PIE *h₂éu̯i- ‘bird’ and *h₂ṓu̯i̯-o- ‘egg’, incl. ?OIr. ai (doubtful; see DIL s.v. ?4 aí); OIr og (> obh, ubh) is not a direct continuation.

From TCD MS H 3. 18. Includes poem (4qq.) Oidh ar huilleth n-oīsmentai, with a discussion of the metre aí ḟresligi; with English translation and notes. Cf. K. Meyer’s edition (in ZCP 7.304 [Best¹, p. 122]).

A quantitative variable analysis of the nominal plural in the Irish of Iorras Aithneach; relevance of social networks discussed: -cha(í), -a(í), extension in (t)r.

On the distinction of words earlier written with ai (which later became oi but did not retain a variant in ai) and also with aí (later written áoi), responsible for various metrical licences.

The relation of aibítir, aibidir, aibidil, etc. to EModIr. aibghitir < OIr. aibgitir.

The relation of aibítir, aibidir, aibidil, etc. to EModIr. aibghitir < OIr. aibgitir.

The development of unstressed -a(i)bh, -amh to -i and -u in ScG. Fuller version publ. in Scottish Gaelic Studies 21 (2003) 163-219.

Discusses gáibhéireacht and related words (áibhéireacht, aeraíocht, etc.).

Discusses gáibhéireacht and related words (áibhéireacht, aeraíocht, etc.).

The relation of aibítir, aibidir, aibidil, etc. to EModIr. aibghitir < OIr. aibgitir.

The relation of aibítir, aibidir, aibidil, etc. to EModIr. aibghitir < OIr. aibgitir.

The relation of aibítir, aibidir, aibidil, etc. to EModIr. aibghitir < OIr. aibgitir.

na aicci in A. G. van Hamel’s edition (p. 50, l. 837 [Best² 1252]) to be translated as ‘in a short while, in a moment’.

With a study of the author’s philosophical vocabulary, focusing on the terms dliged, folud, aicned, umallóit, teorfegad.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

Studies the etymology and semantics of Irish expressions denoting ‘death’ as occurring in the texts, with the aim of retrieving the Celtic attitudes towards death.

Gúm(á); d’úma is, dúmas/thúmas; d’aon audhm’; d’aon úim, d’aon aidhim; i dtom(h)as; tom(h)as.

1. -(a)idh / -(e)ann; 2. -(e)anntar; 3. -(e)anns.

Part I (pp. 1-33) by J.B.: Early Irish examples of the evil eye: 1. The destructive eye [súil miledach, Birugderc, súil milltech, súil neimnech, possibly túathcháech]; 2. The angry eye [déccain aindíaraid, súil (fhéig) andíaraid]; 3. Casting the evil eye [millid, aidmillid; corrguinecht also discussed]; 4. Envy and the evil eye [for-moinethar, drochrosc, drochshúil]; 5. Protection against the evil eye. Part II (pp. 34-39) by F.K.: ‘The evil eye’ in early Irish law: a section of legal commentary (dating from around the twelfth century) attached to a four-word quotation from an Old Irish law text (No etlod tri ormath ‘Or stealing away through envy’), ed. with transl. and notes from MSS Rawlinson B 506 and TCD H 3. 18; cf. CIH i 144.34-145.5; ii 673.3-10; iii 955.1-8, 1051.17-23.

Discusses gáibhéireacht and related words (áibhéireacht, aeraíocht, etc.).

sagart, Aifrinn as place-name elements.

On ‘rhyming jingles’, often consisting of nominalised imperatives, e.g. techt tuidecht, aig thaig, soí toí, áin tháin (ám [t]hám in LL 34840 corrupt); cf. sa(i)n cha(i)n, baí chaí, ócaib tócaib — all denoting `(quick) movement to and fro’. Some discussion of rhyming combinations of two words in ModIr.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

Finds a Gaulish parallel (in RIG L-15) to the metaphorical use of OIr. áige ‘pillar’ in the legal term aige fine.

Finds a Gaulish parallel (in RIG L-15) to the metaphorical use of OIr. áige ‘pillar’ in the legal term aige fine.

1. OIr. oenach- ‘an injury/wound’: OSax. ēndago- ‘day of death’: Hitt. ḫingan- ‘Seuche, Pest, Todesfall’; 2. OIr. airecht- ‘assembly, meeting, conversation’: LAv. vyāxa- ‘Versammlung’; 3. OIr. cumachtae- ‘pouvoir, puissance’: TochB. ekaññe ‘possession, equipment’, AV aṣṭi- ‘Erreichung’; 4. OIr. ás- ‘croissance, fait de grandir/grossir’: Maced. ἄξο- ‘ὑλή’; 5. OBret. iolent ‘precentur’: Lat. hariolā- ‘wahrsagen’; 6. MidIr. cīch- (f.) ‘weibliche Brust’: RV. kı̄́kasā- ‘Brust·bein’; 7. OIr. nái- ‘human being, person’: TochA. napen- ‘Mensch’; 8. OIr. tol- ‘Wille’: RV. turá- ‘Willfährig’; 9. OIr. nūadat- ‘hand, wrist or arm’: RV. nodhā- ‘Elefant’; 10. OIr. aiged ‘visage’: OHG agsiunî- ‘species: Aussehen, Angesicht’.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

Criticises E. Mac Néill’s translation of the opening section of Uraicecht Becc (in Best² 2172), showing that it is based on the glossator’s comment rather than the principal text, and accordingly suggests that Mac Néill’s airecar ‘is found’ should be substituted by the reading of the original text, either H 3. 18 arragar ‘is bound’ or BB agar ‘is pleaded’. Includes a translation of the original text of the eight following sections. Also criticises R. Thurneysen’s translation (in Best² 2164) of the legal terms aithne (MS aichnid) and aithnid.

Part I: Old Irish [on the -(a)igithir type].

Analysis of obligations of aicillne ‘base clientship’ and choice of clientship partner based on Críth gablach, Cáin aicillne and other legal texts.

Part I: Old Irish [on the -(a)igithir type].

Further notes on variant readings aigseradh and imgnadad from ed. of poem Día mór dom imdegail.

Suggests a variety of sources for the -áil element in Irish.

1. Roinnt focal in -éad; 2. Dhá fhocal in -ús; 3. vardrús agus faithlios; 4. bab/bob; 5. lúmanaí; 6. raiclín; 7. Cúig ainm bhriathartha in -áil (siobáil, raitleáil, babáil, cuileáil, fraeicsáil); 8. gaillseach < gaibhlseach; 9. locáiste.

1. all ‘rock, cliff’; 2. ail ‘rock’; 3. alt ‘joint, etc’; 4. allt ‘height, cliff’; 5. alt and allt contrasted. Also on the contrast between ‘lenited’ l and ‘unlenited’ ll before t in OIr. (vs. GOI, 74).

Argues that European *ɔ > *o before high vowels (nom. muir *mori-, with raising) but > *a before non-high vowels (gen. muir < *maro-).

Argues that reilic in the legal commentary found in CIH iii 820.42-821.5 refers not to cemeteries but to the the making of oaths on relics.

1. Cumméne, Abbot of Iona (657-69) [Epithet ‘Ailbe’ reflects Lat. albus, Ir fionn]; 2. Flann, Abbot of Clonmacnoise (?724-732/3) [on the epithets Sinna(e) and Fíne / Fína].

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

The arable lands [ScG achadh, dail, goirtean, gead, io(dh)lann, claigionn, losaid, etc.]; The grazing lands [ScG ailean, bàrd, blàr, cluain, innis, lòn, machair, morbhach, magh, etc.]; Animal enclosures [ScG buaile, crò, cuithe/cuidhe, etc.]; Transhumance names [ScG airigh, rinn/roinn, both(an), sgail, etc.].

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

The beginning of the biblical story of Ahab and Jezebel concerning wives’ advice (1 Kings, 21.4-5) served as a model in Wales and in Ireland (e.g. Scéla muicce Meic Da Thó, Fled Bricrenn).

Discusses the names Medb, Beltene, Ailill, Brigit.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 330-341.

On the relationship between the peregrinus (ailithir) and Irish social organisation; distinction of two grades of peregrinatio ailithre); discussion of related terminology.


Republ. in The Otherworld voyage in early Irish literature, pp. 94-108.

Discusses terms in Old Irish and Latin caillech, cétmuinter, caillech aithrige, ailithir, fedb; clientella, mulier, uxor, vidua.

Presents comparative evidence from Tamazight, concerning in particular the etymology of Ir. cromm, lúaide, aill, mruig, cairem.

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

1. airchisín (Pluincéad); 2. miúndáil/meanndáil/miondáil; 3. aillbhil (Pluincéad); 4. ghiúch/giúch/iúch/ (?) dhiúch/ (?) diúch; 5. creithinisí/cleathainisí/greathainisí, creathnais.

1. airchisín (Pluincéad); 2. miúndáil/meanndáil/miondáil; 3. aillbhil (Pluincéad); 4. ghiúch/giúch/iúch/ (?) dhiúch/ (?) diúch; 5. creithinisí/cleathainisí/greathainisí, creathnais.

Examines the usage of names of illnesses and diseases occurring in the text of Bethada náem nÉrenn: 1. amlabar, bacach, bodhar, clamhdall, lobhar; 2. aillse, fiolun fionn, easbadha, cuthach; scamach, lirach, moirtin marbh, bás obann, ifreann; esláinte theinntidhe, galar cos, demhan.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

Edition of Bríatharogaim, including glossing and commentary, from MSS RIA 23 P 12, NLI G 53, TCD H 3. 18, and YBL; with translation and notes. Discussion of each of the names: Beithe, Luis, Fern, Sail, Nin, (h)Úath, Dair, Tinne, Coll, Cert, Muin, Gort, Gétal, Straiph, Ruis, Ailm, Onn, Ú(i)r, Edad (?), Idad (?), Ébad (?), Ó(i)r, Uil(l)en(n), Pín (Iphín), Iphín (Pín), Emancholl.

Compares Sp. álamo ‘poplar’ (<*almo-) to OIr. ailm ‘pine tree’.

Suggests éisde(a)lbhach, éiseal(l)ach, éistealach ‘fastidious’ < éisle(a)dach ‘neglectful’; cf. áilsedach, éislesach ‘neglectful’.

Discusses the etymology of OIr. amm and aimser.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

On ‘rhyming jingles’, often consisting of nominalised imperatives, e.g. techt tuidecht, aig thaig, soí toí, áin tháin (ám [t]hám in LL 34840 corrupt); cf. sa(i)n cha(i)n, baí chaí, ócaib tócaib — all denoting `(quick) movement to and fro’. Some discussion of rhyming combinations of two words in ModIr.

Gen. sg. and pl. anfed.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

§6: Non-IE words in Insular Celtic [discusses ainder, carr, carra, carrac, carn, cala (ScG), barra (ScG), cuan, adarc, mothar, land]; §7: Non-IE names in Scotland [discusses Alba(n), Isla, Sale, Caledonia, etc.].

§1. concerns etym. of OIr. ainder.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

On the variation anbal/ainfial and stem-initial f- after the privative particle an-.

Collects and analyses instances of agent nouns in -em: Prototypen bzw. frühere Bildungen (ainim(m)/anaim(m), talam); Bekannte und gesicherte -amon und -(i)i̯amon-Bildungen (airem, betham, brithem, cairem, dáilem, dúilem, féchem, fethem, flaithem, glaídem, legam, luam, medam, mraithem, orb(b)am, súainem).

Continued in Die Sprache 44 (2004), 26-69.

Dat. pl. anmaibh.

Discusses the origin of the ending -(a)im(m) of the dative singular of Old Irish neuter n-stems, providing substantiation for C. Marstrander’s suggestion (in Ériu 5 (1911), p. 200) of an assimilation of *-mmVn# to *-mmVm#.

Discusses seven morphological and syntactical features already touched upon by W. Meid (cf. BILL 470, pp. 45-56). With regard to Old Irish, these are: 1. the gaisced type of neuter singular dvandva; 2. the morphology of rígain; 3. the ending *-s of the genitive singular of the neuter n-stems; 4. the feminine forms of the numerals ‘3’ and ‘4’; 5. the reduplicated s-future; 6. the perfect formation -ánaicc; 7. the elliptic construction conráncatar ocus Dubthach.

ad IGT ii §124; refers to restrictions in the form of the acc. and dat. sg. of móin, cluain, coill when they are used as placename elements.

Demonstrates the etymological connections among Baltic, Slavic, Albanian, and Celtic for the term ‘wet’, reflected in PIE *mek- (∼ *mok-).

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 342-351.

1. ui : [uː]; 2. [au] : [ai]; 3. ainneart; 4. ceannard; 5. bínne, línne; cunnart.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

1. ainsiléad; 2. bindealán; 3. buimbéal; 4. bumbal, buimiléad; 5. fáiméad, páiméad; 6. fúinniméad, fúinniméadach; 7. líméar; 8. lindéar; 9. lipéad; 10. scipéad; 11. spiara; 12. spícéad; 13. straiféad; 14. stráisiún; 15. stroimpiléad; 16. strúiméad, stráiméad; 17. struipléad.

1. beargún/beirgiún/biorgún; 2. béitín/béitíne; 3. meá/meadh/midh/meath; 4. infear; 5. stilliúr; 6. ainsiléad; 7. luaidhe; 8. spéir.

air- intensifies or specifies the sense of ‘lending’.

On the auslaut of the Proto-Irish form of Celtic preverbs originally ending in *-i, with special reference to OIr. a(i)r- and a(i)th-. Includes a criticism of P. Schrijver’s revision (in Ériu 45 (1995), pp. 151-189) of K. McCone’s early apocope of *-i.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

Investigates the aspectual semantics of the ScG particles air, as dèidh, gu.

Investigates the possible difference in meaning between these two terms for land demarcations, in the context of the sources where they are used.

Investigates the possible difference in meaning between these two terms for land demarcations, in the context of the sources where they are used.

Discusses implications of the use of certain words in sixth-, seventh- and early eighth-century Ireland, e.g. Lat. princeps, principatus, census, ius, regnum and Ir. toísigecht [sic leg.], flaith, flaithem, flaithemnacht, airchinnech, etc.

Discusses ecclesiastical terminology (e.g. Lat. paruchia, familia, dominicus (> Ir. domnach), princeps, Ir. airchinnech, epscop tuaithe (cf. Lat. clericus plebis), etc.) and the impact of monasticism.

Extract of a letter in English (1609) by archbishop William Daniell, entitled De herenachis et Termon lands and containing a discussion of the terms termonn, coarb and airchinnech. From MS TCD E 3. 16, f. 78v.

Lists and discusses the titles of officials of the church of Armagh found in early Irish chronicles: 1. epscop; 2. tánaise epscoip; 3. ap; 4. tánaise abbad: 5. secnap; 6. comarba; 7. airchinnech; 8. fosairchinnech; 9. maer (or ardmaer); 10. maer bachla Ísa; 11. ferthigis; 12. scríbneoir; 13. anchara; 14. fer léiginn; 15. toísech macc léiginn; 16. sacart; 17. anmchara; 18. senchaid; 19. ecnaid; 20. suí; 21. ardollam; 22. cenn bocht; 23. príomhchalladóir; 24. príomhchríochaire; 25. leabhar coimhéadaigh.

1. airchisín (Pluincéad); 2. miúndáil/meanndáil/miondáil; 3. aillbhil (Pluincéad); 4. ghiúch/giúch/iúch/ (?) dhiúch/ (?) diúch; 5. creithinisí/cleathainisí/greathainisí, creathnais.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

ad J. Carney, in Ériu 18 (1958), pp. 1-43 (BILL 5527). Discusses forms of the 2 pl. ipv.

ScG -ibh derives from 2pl. prep. prons used as imperatives, the seeds of which can be traced to OIr. suppletive airci(u)b, argib, ercib ‘go’.

Identifies their territory as being the Ards Peninsula (Aird); emends a Forthuathaib arda to a Forthuathaib Arda in poem beg. Dligid ríg Eamna acus Ulad (Lebor na Cert: The Book of Rights, ed. by M. Dillon (Dublin, 1962) l. 1376).

< Ir. aird.

Discussion of Adomnán’s terms for physical features of monasteries. [1.] The monastery (e.g. Lat. monasterium, cenubium, cella, cellula, ec(c)lesia); [2.] The church and cemetery (e.g. Lat. ec(c)lesia, oratorium, exedra (cf. ? Ir. airdam), cubiculum); [3.] The domestic buildings (e.g. Lat. monasterium, magna domus, domus, domucula, hospitium / hospitiolum, habitaculum, lectulus); [4.] The plate(ol)a monasterii; [5.] Desertum and peregrinatio (e.g. desertum (> OIr. dísert), herimum).

Studies the occurrence of the following terms: oratorium; dairthech; damliac; teampall, templum; eclais; erdamh, airdam; taigi aernaighi; cell, civitas; recles.

With discussion of related terms.

Argues that five short vowels were distinguished in unstressed position in Middle and Early Modern Irish poetics.

Examines the Continental Celtic background of nouns derived from prepositions (in particular ar, imm, cét-); also discusses Old Irish compound verbs with petrified neuter infix pronoung (ara-chrin, imme-airic, ceta-bí).

[1.] aitire ` surtetyship, surety’; [2.] aire (i) ? ‘lack / increase’, (ii) ‘watching over’.

Discusses features found in MS NLS, Advocates’ 72.1.1: 1. Preterite passive form; 2. Present passive form; 3. dh’ before vowel sounds; 4. Imperfect/conditional second person singular; 5. Demonstrative relative; 6. Nasalization; 7. Is ann; 8. Plurals in -ann; 9. Caducous vowels; 10. Vowel-lengthening before long liquids; 11. Voicing of -p- in mp-group; 12. Aitte; 13. An aire; 14. Easbaig; 15. Eiphit; 16. Fèill; 17. Glais; 18. Seann-; 19. Teirig; 20. Toir; 21. Thusa.

Argues this form (< cír ‘comb’) contains two agentive suffixes (-am and -aire).

On the protection of transactions against claims in Ir. contractual law. Apps. contain details on (I) natural entitlement, (II) unwarranted promises, and (III) the aire coisring.

Takes con·srenga, coisreng in CG line 277 as the equivalents of Lat. contrahit, contractus ‘makes a contract, contract’.

On the etym. of OIr. airecht.

1. OIr. oenach- ‘an injury/wound’: OSax. ēndago- ‘day of death’: Hitt. ḫingan- ‘Seuche, Pest, Todesfall’; 2. OIr. airecht- ‘assembly, meeting, conversation’: LAv. vyāxa- ‘Versammlung’; 3. OIr. cumachtae- ‘pouvoir, puissance’: TochB. ekaññe ‘possession, equipment’, AV aṣṭi- ‘Erreichung’; 4. OIr. ás- ‘croissance, fait de grandir/grossir’: Maced. ἄξο- ‘ὑλή’; 5. OBret. iolent ‘precentur’: Lat. hariolā- ‘wahrsagen’; 6. MidIr. cīch- (f.) ‘weibliche Brust’: RV. kı̄́kasā- ‘Brust·bein’; 7. OIr. nái- ‘human being, person’: TochA. napen- ‘Mensch’; 8. OIr. tol- ‘Wille’: RV. turá- ‘Willfährig’; 9. OIr. nūadat- ‘hand, wrist or arm’: RV. nodhā- ‘Elefant’; 10. OIr. aiged ‘visage’: OHG agsiunî- ‘species: Aussehen, Angesicht’.

Discusses the ScG term comhdhail as place-name element.

Add. & corr. in ScS 27 (1983), 67-68.

Criticises E. Mac Néill’s translation of the opening section of Uraicecht Becc (in Best² 2172), showing that it is based on the glossator’s comment rather than the principal text, and accordingly suggests that Mac Néill’s airecar ‘is found’ should be substituted by the reading of the original text, either H 3. 18 arragar ‘is bound’ or BB agar ‘is pleaded’. Includes a translation of the original text of the eight following sections. Also criticises R. Thurneysen’s translation (in Best² 2164) of the legal terms aithne (MS aichnid) and aithnid.

Collects and analyses instances of agent nouns in -em: Prototypen bzw. frühere Bildungen (ainim(m)/anaim(m), talam); Bekannte und gesicherte -amon und -(i)i̯amon-Bildungen (airem, betham, brithem, cairem, dáilem, dúilem, féchem, fethem, flaithem, glaídem, legam, luam, medam, mraithem, orb(b)am, súainem).

Continued in Die Sprache 44 (2004), 26-69.

On the auslaut of the Proto-Irish form of Celtic preverbs originally ending in *-i, with special reference to OIr. a(i)r- and a(i)th-. Includes a criticism of P. Schrijver’s revision (in Ériu 45 (1995), pp. 151-189) of K. McCone’s early apocope of *-i.

On the auslaut of the Proto-Irish form of Celtic preverbs originally ending in *-i, with special reference to OIr. a(i)r- and a(i)th-. Includes a criticism of P. Schrijver’s revision (in Ériu 45 (1995), pp. 151-189) of K. McCone’s early apocope of *-i.

An Old Norse borrowing from Old Irish.

Surveys eight publications by Christian Matras (1900-1988) on Irish loan words in Faeroese, focusing particularly on the loans from dronn, bláthach, *slabac, dais, cró, tarb, ScG làmh chearr (< OIr. *lám cherr), muirean (or muirín, muiríneach, etc.), sopp, áirge.

Based on the speech of one houselhold in Na Machaireacha, Gaoth Dobhair, Donegal: 1. -/xʹə/ in 3 sg. fem. and -/fə/ in 3 pl. forms of the compound preposition i ndéidh, e.g. ina déidh-che ‘after her’, ina ndéidh-fa ‘after them’; 2. é féin following 3 sg. masc. prepositional pronouns; 3. Generalisation of ina sheasamh, ina shuí, etc. with every person; 4. Variation in article between an and an t- with masc. nouns beg. with s- in the nom. sg. (e.g. an tsiopa) and also with masc. nouns beg. with a vowel in nom. sg. and when preceded by a preposition (e.g. an airgead, ar an t-éadan); 5. ag goil + vn + object pronoun; 6. The direct in place of the indirect relative particle; 7. más mó … más fearr.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

An Old Norse borrowing from Old Irish.

The arable lands [ScG achadh, dail, goirtean, gead, io(dh)lann, claigionn, losaid, etc.]; The grazing lands [ScG ailean, bàrd, blàr, cluain, innis, lòn, machair, morbhach, magh, etc.]; Animal enclosures [ScG buaile, crò, cuithe/cuidhe, etc.]; Transhumance names [ScG airigh, rinn/roinn, both(an), sgail, etc.].

Includes a discussion of the terminology in Auraicept na n-éces, specially of airlann.

Suggests that the airliciud is different from the ón in that the former involves proprietary rights (rather than merely possessory) and included the right to alienate the property to a third party.

air- intensifies or specifies the sense of ‘lending’.

Online publication available at: https://comhartaighde.ie/eagrain/5/williams/ [Accessed 4 January 2020].

1. ‘Goosegrass’ (Galium aparine) [Ir. garbhlus, airmeirig, uirlis chríonna, sop séaláin, etc.]; 2. ‘Hemlock water-dropwort’ (Oenanthe crocata) [Ir. athabha, dathabha].

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

1. *airmnecht; 2. crioslach; 3. daorach; 4. fabhairne; 5. fearacht; 6. imirt; 7. isteal; 8. praistéal.

Discusses the three types of betrothal mentioned in CIH i 144.10-17 (with English translation).

Examines the meaning and etymology of Ir. words in the semantic field for ‘star’: 1. ser; 2. rind; 3. rét; 4. rétglu; 5. *get; 6. airndrethach.

1. Old Irish airne ‘stone’ : Anatolian *pḗr, obl. *parn^o ‘house’; 2. Celtic *lāti- ‘warrior, hero’ : Anatolian *latti- ‘tribal troop(s)'.

Postulates a Celtic etymon *agrēn-.

Hapax legomena bzw. nicht gesicherte Formen (cainim, clithem, etham, foídem, laissem, meisem/mesam, roem, sílem, sruithem, toirnem); Tierbezeichnungen (*betham, braichem, glaídem, legam, léom, sirem, toinnem, trichem/trechem); Bezeichnungen für Werkzeuge bzw. Gebrauchgegenstände (airnem, airtem, ceram, drolam, es(s)em, fíam, galam, genam/genum, ¹rúam, ²rúam, súainem); Personennamen (Aithem, *Segam, *Regam, Maram, Solam); Ähnliche Bildungen (mithem, ollam); Zusammenfassung.

ad §12 (as ed. by L. Bieler 1979 [The Patrician texts in the Book of Armagh]); erdathe is interpreted as the gen. sg. of erdath, derived from PC *-dātū, containing the PIE root *d^hu̯eh₂- ‘to make smoke’.

Hapax legomena bzw. nicht gesicherte Formen (cainim, clithem, etham, foídem, laissem, meisem/mesam, roem, sílem, sruithem, toirnem); Tierbezeichnungen (*betham, braichem, glaídem, legam, léom, sirem, toinnem, trichem/trechem); Bezeichnungen für Werkzeuge bzw. Gebrauchgegenstände (airnem, airtem, ceram, drolam, es(s)em, fíam, galam, genam/genum, ¹rúam, ²rúam, súainem); Personennamen (Aithem, *Segam, *Regam, Maram, Solam); Ähnliche Bildungen (mithem, ollam); Zusammenfassung.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

I. ais [(cf. LEIA A-50 ais “voiture” ;) argues is a ghost-word]. II. cul [suggests an origin from *kalu- ‘Schmiedearbeit, geschmiedetes Teil’].

ad M. A. O’Brien, in Celtica 3 (1956), pp. 171-172 (BILL 1822).

On the importance of elegiac conventions and female symbolism for the development of 18th c. political aisling.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 165-172.

ad J. Jasanoff, TPS 84/1 (1986), pp. 132-141; aisnde ‘declare’ also belongs to class of ‘si-imperatives’.

Argues that the Old Irish 3pl. pres. abs. ending with suffixed 3sg. masc./neut. pronoun -tait was reused for the pass. pret. pl.

On the distinction of number in the passive preterite by means of the desinence MIr. *-(a)it, ClassModIr *-(a)id. vs L. McKenna 1944 (BILL 925), p. 192.11.

OIr. athair, máthair, aite, muimme, macc, auë.

Discusses features found in MS NLS, Advocates’ 72.1.1: 1. Preterite passive form; 2. Present passive form; 3. dh’ before vowel sounds; 4. Imperfect/conditional second person singular; 5. Demonstrative relative; 6. Nasalization; 7. Is ann; 8. Plurals in -ann; 9. Caducous vowels; 10. Vowel-lengthening before long liquids; 11. Voicing of -p- in mp-group; 12. Aitte; 13. An aire; 14. Easbaig; 15. Eiphit; 16. Fèill; 17. Glais; 18. Seann-; 19. Teirig; 20. Toir; 21. Thusa.

Focuses on the terms: dual, dualchas; dleasdanach; dligheach; dìlseachd, dìleas; còir; àite, ionad; oighre/éighre, oighreachd/éighreachd; staoighle; Breatunn; ceart, ceartas; fìreantachd; ceann, ceannas; eucoir, eucoireach, eucorach; annasach.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

On the auslaut of the Proto-Irish form of Celtic preverbs originally ending in *-i, with special reference to OIr. a(i)r- and a(i)th-. Includes a criticism of P. Schrijver’s revision (in Ériu 45 (1995), pp. 151-189) of K. McCone’s early apocope of *-i.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

ad T. Ó Raithbheartaigh, Genealogical tracts 1, 1932, 107-31 (Best² 2204): diplomatic edition of the catalogue of tribal names found in the Book of Lecan, 185^va 43-185^b 6 and corrigenda.