[1.] The morphology of the copula; [2.] Syntax of the copula; [3.] Restructuring of preverbal particles and copula forms; [4.] Initial mutations; [5.] Replacement of medial ab by abh; [6.] Influence of preverbs on the copula; [7.] The double copula construction; [8.] The copula and the verb tá; [9.] Historical overview; [10.] Sources of the double copula construction; [11.] Conclusions; [12.] Sources.
[1.] The historical present in ModIr; [2.] The historical present in MW; [3.] The historical present with conjunction + verb ‘to be’ in MW; [4.] An anomalous usage in MidIr; [4.] Ó Criomhthain and the narrative present of the verb ‘to be’; [5.] Conclusions.
Discussion of ia in unstressed syllables in OIr., including disyllabic forms in ïa, e.g. in verbal forms foídiam, égthiar, dringthiar, rigthier; also discusses relationship between -bïad and -betis of the substantive verb.
Provides an analysis within the framework of case grammar of this range of expressions – excluding the copula and the substantive verb– along with other stative concepts expressing cognition, perception and possession, and postulates a common underlying syntactic structure where the logical subject is expressed in the locative case.