Words and Proper Names

[1.] Two-gesture segmental matrix; [2.] Dependency Phonology; [3.] The lenition series in Irish; [4.] Lenition of stops; [5.] Lenition of liquids: /m/ → [ɯ̃]; [6.] Lenition of the liquids: /L N/ → [l n]; [7.] Lenition of the liquids: /R/ → [r]; [8.] Lenition of /s/; [9.] Lenition of /f/; [10.] Lenition in initial clusters; [11.] Summary.

On the opposition between original lenited and unlenited l, and the retention of the velarised alveolar lateral.

1. The origins of OIr. fri ‘against’, la ‘with’; 2. The early apocope of *-i; 3. The fate of ‘new’ word-final *-t; 4. Examples of *-t(i) > -s in Old Irish; 7. The origin of the Primitive Irish main clause verbal particle *es; 8. The present conjunct forms of the Old Irish copula after *ne ‘not’; 9. Summary.

Investigates and describes the uses of preposition la and also of competing coⁿ, including a summary of the signs foreboding the substitution of the former by the latter.

[1.] On the use of indefinite nouns with time reference as adverbs meaning ‘over a period of …', e.g. seachtain, mí, bliain, lá, coicís in negative contexts in the Irish of An Cheathrú Rua; [2.] i leith an bóthar: on the adverbial use of the nominative of definite nouns following certain compound and nominal prepositions preceded by verbs of motion, e.g. ar aghaidh, i ngiorracht, i leith, timpeall, treasna; [3.] Tá sé ag dul Gaillimh: on the ‘elision’ of the preposition go before place-names.

On dá ló etc. used to mean ‘since his (day of) death’.

Includes discussion of some eschatological terms: lá erdathe, bráth, buiresc, lá an luain, etc.

Cf. the author, in Ériu 20 (1966), pp. 208-211 [BILL 3497], and M. Dillon’s reply, in Celtica 8 (1968), pp. 187-190 [BILL 3512].

Includes discussion of some eschatological terms: lá erdathe, bráth, buiresc, lá an luain, etc.

Labhaois ‘extravagance, wastefulness, exaggeration, excess’, from (obsolete) Engl. lavish, from OFr lavasse, lavache ‘deluge of rain’.

Labhaois ‘extravagance, wastefulness, exaggeration, excess’, from (obsolete) Engl. lavish, from OFr lavasse, lavache ‘deluge of rain’.

§2 on the identification of ‘Lauer’ as Lavery Burn (ScG Labharág).

1. Labraid Loingsech; 2. Burdigala.

Argues against interpretation of lúathlám as a close compound (see Serlige Con Culainn as ed. by M. Dillon 1941 [= BILL 5012]). Prefers Labraid Lúath Lám ar Claideb as a genitival clause with zero copula, lit. ‘whose hand is swift on the sword’.

Discusses the semantic change (need >) lack > desire in (II) Irish (díth, dígbál (> mod. díobháil), feidhm, do-esta (> mod. teastuighidh), atá …ó, oireann …do, (III) Manx (laccal, feme), and (IV) Scottish Gaelic (tha …a dhìth air …, is e a tha bho …).

1. Ir. cánóg ‘Sturmtaucher, Puffinus’; 2. Kymr. mwyalch, gäl. lon ‘Amsel’; 3. Die keltischen Namen der Ente; 4. Ir. lacha; 5. Ir. tonnóg; 6. Kymr. gwydd, ir. gé(d), ‘Gans’; 7. Ir. éan ‘Junges’.

Identifications of the following place-names on the Limerick-Cork border: [1.] Cenn Ebrat/Febrat; [2.] Belach Legtha; [3.] Cenn Ebrat; [4.] Sliab Caín; [5.] Belach Ebrat / Febrat; [6.] An Sliabh Riabhach; [7.] Belach Lechta [Redsheard/Redchair; An Bhearna Dhearg]; [8.] ‘Lacht Mahon’ [Leacht Mhaghthamhna]; [9.] Conclusions.

Studies the background to SS. Lugaid (al. Molua), Lóchéne (al. Molacca) and Lachténe (al. Molachtócc).

1. Ir. cánóg ‘Sturmtaucher, Puffinus’; 2. Kymr. mwyalch, gäl. lon ‘Amsel’; 3. Die keltischen Namen der Ente; 4. Ir. lacha; 5. Ir. tonnóg; 6. Kymr. gwydd, ir. gé(d), ‘Gans’; 7. Ir. éan ‘Junges’.

Also on its use as personal name.

4. ladhar; 5. lorga; 6. más; 7. tóin.

1. Forleitheadas: Plunkett glosses Lat. faex as ‘Clann Thomáis Mhic Lóbais’; 2. sladuighe satha: vs. N. J. A. Williams, PCT, p. 151 n. 936: should be translated as ‘hive-robber, drone’ (cf. ladrann saithe); 3. ruisín vs. N. J. A. Williams, PCT 188 s.v.: refers to ‘lunch, etc.'; cf. T. de Bhaldraithe, in Ériu 31 (1980), pp. 169-171.

On the origin of Díomóg/Modhíomóg of Cluain Caoin Ara and on the Co, Wexford place names St. Imoge or Shemoge, St. Awaries and Lady’s Island.

Lat. laicus ‘layman’ introduced to Irel. and developed the rare subsidiary meaning ‘lay tenant’ in ecclesiastical context; laicus develops pagan connotations, hence ‘brigand’. In a separate line of development, Lat. laicus ‘layman’ borrowed into Ir. as láech at an early date primarily in legal texts; láech ‘warrior’ may have developed on the principle that ‘men’ are ‘warriors’ (see P. Mac Cana, ‘On the word láech “warrior” ', in Celtica 11 (1976), pp. 125-128); láech ‘warrior’ in turn influences Lat. laicus, which acquires the rare meaning ‘warrior’; láech ‘pagan’ occurs as a calque on laicus ‘pagan’.

banscál ‘female warrior’ > ‘laywoman’. Also ad Líadain and Cuirithir (as ed. by K. Meyer 1902 [Best¹, p. 118]) lines 16-17.

OIr. sor, sar, sarachán; berbad, bruth; lágha, láighe.

Repr. in Ausgewählte Beiträge zur typologischen Sprachgeographie, pp. 165-167.

Also on its use as personal name.

Lat. laicus ‘layman’ introduced to Irel. and developed the rare subsidiary meaning ‘lay tenant’ in ecclesiastical context; laicus develops pagan connotations, hence ‘brigand’. In a separate line of development, Lat. laicus ‘layman’ borrowed into Ir. as láech at an early date primarily in legal texts; láech ‘warrior’ may have developed on the principle that ‘men’ are ‘warriors’ (see P. Mac Cana, ‘On the word láech “warrior” ', in Celtica 11 (1976), pp. 125-128); láech ‘warrior’ in turn influences Lat. laicus, which acquires the rare meaning ‘warrior’; láech ‘pagan’ occurs as a calque on laicus ‘pagan’.

[1.] Tactical noise and tactical magic; [2.] Incitement by exhortation and by insult; [3.] laídid, gressaid, grísaid; [4.] The incitement motif in Modern Irish; [5.] The role of inciter; [6.] The early Welsh evidence.

[1.] Tactical noise and tactical magic; [2.] Incitement by exhortation and by insult; [3.] laídid, gressaid, grísaid; [4.] The incitement motif in Modern Irish; [5.] The role of inciter; [6.] The early Welsh evidence.

OIr. sor, sar, sarachán; berbad, bruth; lágha, láighe.

Repr. in Ausgewählte Beiträge zur typologischen Sprachgeographie, pp. 165-167.

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

Generic terms: 1. OIr. ech; 2. W march, OIr. marc; 3. MW cafall, ceffyl, caffon, OIr. capall; 4. W gorwydd; 5. W eddystyr [OIr. adastar]; 6. OIr. gabor; 7. mandu? [MIr. menn]. ‘Stallion’ [OIr. caullach, etc.]. ‘Gelding’ [OIr. meile]. ‘Mare’ [OIr. láir]. ‘Foal’ [OIr. lurchaire; OIr. serrach].

Hapax legomena bzw. nicht gesicherte Formen (cainim, clithem, etham, foídem, laissem, meisem/mesam, roem, sílem, sruithem, toirnem); Tierbezeichnungen (*betham, braichem, glaídem, legam, léom, sirem, toinnem, trichem/trechem); Bezeichnungen für Werkzeuge bzw. Gebrauchgegenstände (airnem, airtem, ceram, drolam, es(s)em, fíam, galam, genam/genum, ¹rúam, ²rúam, súainem); Personennamen (Aithem, *Segam, *Regam, Maram, Solam); Ähnliche Bildungen (mithem, ollam); Zusammenfassung.

1. Old Irish airne ‘stone’ : Anatolian *pḗr, obl. *parn^o ‘house’; 2. Celtic *lāti- ‘warrior, hero’ : Anatolian *latti- ‘tribal troop(s)'.

On lathirt (Corm. LB 27.8-9). Proposes that in this version of ‘Cormac’s glossary’ the lemma was reinterpreted as either ‘milk of death’ (laith irt) or ‘death of a warrior’ (láithirt).

On lathirt (Corm. LB 27.8-9). Proposes that in this version of ‘Cormac’s glossary’ the lemma was reinterpreted as either ‘milk of death’ (laith irt) or ‘death of a warrior’ (láithirt).

Argues that the kingdom called Lothlend (also Laithlind, Laithlinn, later Lochlainn) in Irish sources was not located in Norway but had been established in Scotland before 825 by Norwegian Vikings.

ad V. Hull, in ZCP 18 (1930), pp. 70-71, 286 (Best² 297). Lám deoraid refers to status of person whose protection and rights under the law had been forfeited; such a person could be slain without fear of reprisal.

-ráith, -táich, -lámair, -fáig, -fáid.

1. A bhean lán de stuaim and quinque lineae amoris [Interprets the use by the poet of the words lámh and gníomh in the light of the medieval Latin poetic trope of the quinque lineae (or gradus) amoris]; 2. A bhean fuair an falachán [Proposes that the wording of the reference to Absalom’s hair in the first q. of this poem is influenced by a misunderstanding of Engl. disteyne (‘outshine’) in the suggested source of this poem (i.e. Chaucer’s ballade Hyd, Absolon, thy gilte tresses clere in the prologue to the Legend of good women) as disdeyne (‘contempt’)].

Surveys eight publications by Christian Matras (1900-1988) on Irish loan words in Faeroese, focusing particularly on the loans from dronn, bláthach, *slabac, dais, cró, tarb, ScG làmh chearr (< OIr. *lám cherr), muirean (or muirín, muiríneach, etc.), sopp, áirge.

[1.] Analogues of the banners in Germanic and other cultures; [2.] Banners in Irish tradition outside the fian; [3.] Banners associated with the fian; [4.] The banner quatrains in later tradition (incl. names of banners, e.g. Dealbh Ghréine, Fulang Doghra, Aoincheannach, Dún Naomhtha, Lámh Dhearg, Sguab Ghábhaidh, Lóch Luinneach); [5.] Form and composition of the BDL poem [see [6.]]; [6.] Edition (Poem beg. Naoinear a chuadhm[ar] fá choill, ed. from NLS MS Adv. 72.1.37 (Dean of Lismore’s Bk); with Engl transl. and notes). Figs.

Discusses the terms lámh-fhata, rig-fhota.

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

Discusses textual attestations of the OIr. terms rámat, tóchar, slige, rót, lamráite, tograite, bóthar, conar, cosán, magrót, belach, clochán, sráit, etc.

On a Welsh analogue to the Ir. idiom tá sé lán a dhóthain.

Appendice: Ant. irl. lánamnas sleithe.

Reprinted in Saggi Campanile, pp. 241-248.

§6: Non-IE words in Insular Celtic [discusses ainder, carr, carra, carrac, carn, cala (ScG), barra (ScG), cuan, adarc, mothar, land]; §7: Non-IE names in Scotland [discusses Alba(n), Isla, Sale, Caledonia, etc.].

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

Examines the distribution of place-names in northern Britain which contain elements defined as P-Celtic. Appendix 1: Survey of place-name elements organized according to their degree of Pictishness (Category 1: P-Celtic words probably not borrowed into Gaelic: *aber or *abbor, *bren or *brun, *cēt, *cuper, *dol, *eclēs, *lanerc, *mig, *ogel, *pant, *pen, *pert, *pevr, *pren, ?*roth, *traus/*tros, Note on *nemed; Category 2: P-Celtic words borrowed into Gaelic but only attested in place-names: *cair, *carden, *gronn; Category 3: P-Celtic loan-words attested as common nouns in Gaelic: bad, dail, monadh, pett, pòr, preas; Category 4: Gaelic elements influenced by a Pictish cognate: ? beinn, blàr, càrn, dabhach, dùn, foithir, lios, ràth, srath); Appendix 2: The problem of Cardean; Appendix 3: A note on Keir; Appendix 4: Certain, probable or possible ‘Pictish’ names containing elements not discussed above.

Discusses a number of Irish words for ‘scale’, ‘film’, ‘skin’, etc., incl. lann, bloesc (blaosc, plaosc), scánnán, seicne, scam(h)a, scam(h)ach, scamhadh, scamh, screamh, scamall, scamhal, fachail; also ad. D. Greene, in Celtica 4 (1958), p. 45 (BILL 1613).

ScG Peit-, Lannraig, etc.

Rechtas and lánríge and their political significance in ODR, and analysis of the form and structure of the narrative.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 422-438.

Edited from MS NLI G 50 (25 qq.) with reconstructed text, translation and notes. Ascribed in MS heading to Dallán [Forgaill] but ascribed to Becan mac Luighdech in a gloss. Beg. Fo réir Choluimb céin ad-fías. Includes discussion of metre (MS laoidh imrinn), which is described as ‘transitional’, as it displays both alliteration and regular end-rime.

Discusses evidence for the hunting practice in medieval Ireland, collected from Classical Irish sources and presented in comparison with evidence from Fiannaigecht material. Incl. discussion of terminology associated with the hunting process.

1. Introduction; 2. Forms and declension of cride; 3. Sense of cride: 3.1 Primary sense: the physical heart; 3.2 Cride ‘centre, middle part, focus’ vs. medón and lár; 4. The heart as metaphor for courage; 5. The heart as seat and object of love: 5.1 Cnú and cride; 6. The heart as seat of emotions etc.; 7. ‘Heartbreak’ resulting in death: 7.1 General; 7.2 Deirdre; 7.3 Finnabair; 7.4 Donn Cúailnge; 7.5 Other instances; 8. Welsh parallels.

Includes a brief discussion of the Irish names for Waterford, Port Láirge and Loch dá Cháech. In appendix a list of their occurrences in the Irish annals.

1. Roinnt focal in -éad; 2. Dhá fhocal in -ús; 3. vardrús agus faithlios; 4. bab/bob; 5. lúmanaí; 6. raiclín; 7. Cúig ainm bhriathartha in -áil (siobáil, raitleáil, babáil, cuileáil, fraeicsáil); 8. gaillseach < gaibhlseach; 9. locáiste.

Outlines the Isidorian etymological methodology and illustrates its application in Irish scholarship with four examples from Irish hagiography.

1. léas; 2. léasann; 3. Saibhir; 4. Gléachás / gléacas / gléachas; 5. ‘lashings’; 6. 'spoiled priest’.

1. Old Irish airne ‘stone’ : Anatolian *pḗr, obl. *parn^o ‘house’; 2. Celtic *lāti- ‘warrior, hero’ : Anatolian *latti- ‘tribal troop(s)'.

Studies the forms of this motif in Celtic, Old English and Old Norse literature.

Also in Occasional papers in linguistics and language learning 8 (Aug., 1981), pp. 53-61 [= Studies in English language and early literature in honour of Paul Christophersen / edited by P. M. Tilling (Coleraine: New University of Ulster, 1981)].

1. saucer (sàsar, flat); 2. hair (of the head) (gruag, falt); 3. oystercatcher (trìlleachan, brìdean); 4. smoke (from the chimney) (toit, ceò); 5. porridge (brochan, lite); 6. blue (of the sky) (liath, gorm); 7. grey (of hair) (glas, liath); 8. Sunday (Di-Dòmhnaich, Latha na Sàbaid) – all with corresponding maps.

On lathirt (Corm. LB 27.8-9). Proposes that in this version of ‘Cormac’s glossary’ the lemma was reinterpreted as either ‘milk of death’ (laith irt) or ‘death of a warrior’ (láithirt).

Analyses the etymology and usage of this name and argues it does not denote a particular location but is in origin a pejorative term directed at the Vikings, later replaced by more familiar Lochlann.

1. The name of Bellshill, near Motherwell; 2. The name of Carmichael, near Lanark; 3. The name of Lauder, Borders; 4. Soutra in Lothian and Dinsol in Culhwch and Olwen.

§2 on the identification of ‘Lauer’ as Lavery Burn (ScG Labharág).

History of the collection and details on its current holdings, today housed in the Berliner Lautarchiv of the Musikwissenschaftlichen Seminar der Humboldt-Universität.

Describes the development of the use of the prepositions le, ag and ó to form agent phrases in Modern Irish; includes a brief discussion of the state of affairs in Early Irish.

Lists and discusses the titles of officials of the church of Armagh found in early Irish chronicles: 1. epscop; 2. tánaise epscoip; 3. ap; 4. tánaise abbad: 5. secnap; 6. comarba; 7. airchinnech; 8. fosairchinnech; 9. maer (or ardmaer); 10. maer bachla Ísa; 11. ferthigis; 12. scríbneoir; 13. anchara; 14. fer léiginn; 15. toísech macc léiginn; 16. sacart; 17. anmchara; 18. senchaid; 19. ecnaid; 20. suí; 21. ardollam; 22. cenn bocht; 23. príomhchalladóir; 24. príomhchríochaire; 25. leabhar coimhéadaigh.

Examines documentary evidence from Ireland (Ulster in particular) on the importance of recumbent stones and stone chairs for the enthronement ritual.

Identifications of the following place-names on the Limerick-Cork border: [1.] Cenn Ebrat/Febrat; [2.] Belach Legtha; [3.] Cenn Ebrat; [4.] Sliab Caín; [5.] Belach Ebrat / Febrat; [6.] An Sliabh Riabhach; [7.] Belach Lechta [Redsheard/Redchair; An Bhearna Dhearg]; [8.] ‘Lacht Mahon’ [Leacht Mhaghthamhna]; [9.] Conclusions.

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

A story taken down by the author from his mother Éilís Ní Iarfhlaithe (†1956) in 1945, about ‘a well of new milk’, which healed the sick.

Studies the verbs bain, cuir, déan, gabh, lean, lig, tabhair, tar, téigh.

1. léas; 2. léasann; 3. Saibhir; 4. Gléachás / gléacas / gléachas; 5. ‘lashings’; 6. 'spoiled priest’.

1. léas; 2. léasann; 3. Saibhir; 4. Gléachás / gléacas / gléachas; 5. ‘lashings’; 6. 'spoiled priest’.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

Suggests that lebróir originally referred to `(English) merchant’ (with some pejorative connotations). Also associates the merchant family surname spelt variously as Maccaveny, Mackanewy, McKanefy, MacCanefy, Mackanfy, Mackenefy with Ir. Mac Anmchaid.

Lecc diice (duice, doice) (occurring in legal texts, such as Gúbretha Caratniad §15 and the legal commentary at CIH i 145.10-37, of which an English translation is given here) refers to ‘a physical defect which made a woman incapable of intercourse’; diice may, as suggested by R. Thurneysen (in ZCP 16 (1927), pp. 217-218 [Best² 2157]), represent do-ícce ‘incurability’ or, posssibly, an abstract based on diic, diing ‘difficult’.

Lecc diice (duice, doice) (occurring in legal texts, such as Gúbretha Caratniad §15 and the legal commentary at CIH i 145.10-37, of which an English translation is given here) refers to ‘a physical defect which made a woman incapable of intercourse’; diice may, as suggested by R. Thurneysen (in ZCP 16 (1927), pp. 217-218 [Best² 2157]), represent do-ícce ‘incurability’ or, posssibly, an abstract based on diic, diing ‘difficult’.

Lecc diice (duice, doice) (occurring in legal texts, such as Gúbretha Caratniad §15 and the legal commentary at CIH i 145.10-37, of which an English translation is given here) refers to ‘a physical defect which made a woman incapable of intercourse’; diice may, as suggested by R. Thurneysen (in ZCP 16 (1927), pp. 217-218 [Best² 2157]), represent do-ícce ‘incurability’ or, posssibly, an abstract based on diic, diing ‘difficult’.

On the association of the saint’s bed with the idea of sanctity. Also comments on OIr. lecht.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

Discussion of Adomnán’s terms for physical features of monasteries. [1.] The monastery (e.g. Lat. monasterium, cenubium, cella, cellula, ec(c)lesia); [2.] The church and cemetery (e.g. Lat. ec(c)lesia, oratorium, exedra (cf. ? Ir. airdam), cubiculum); [3.] The domestic buildings (e.g. Lat. monasterium, magna domus, domus, domucula, hospitium / hospitiolum, habitaculum, lectulus); [4.] The plate(ol)a monasterii; [5.] Desertum and peregrinatio (e.g. desertum (> OIr. dísert), herimum).

Includes a discussion of the etymology of OIr. legaid.

Collects and analyses instances of agent nouns in -em: Prototypen bzw. frühere Bildungen (ainim(m)/anaim(m), talam); Bekannte und gesicherte -amon und -(i)i̯amon-Bildungen (airem, betham, brithem, cairem, dáilem, dúilem, féchem, fethem, flaithem, glaídem, legam, luam, medam, mraithem, orb(b)am, súainem).

Continued in Die Sprache 44 (2004), 26-69.

I. Sé fhocal ón iasacht: 1. batam; 2. blámás/plámás; 3. gríscín; 4. leibhit, leibhiteáil; 5. strúsín; 6. treiscín.

II. Cúig leagan cainte: 1. dhá chuid; 2. dhá leath; 3. dhá leor; 4. duine agus duine; 5. m’athair agus iad .

I. Sé fhocal ón iasacht: 1. batam; 2. blámás/plámás; 3. gríscín; 4. leibhit, leibhiteáil; 5. strúsín; 6. treiscín.

II. Cúig leagan cainte: 1. dhá chuid; 2. dhá leath; 3. dhá leor; 4. duine agus duine; 5. m’athair agus iad .

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

Reviews D. Binchy’s discussion (in Celtica 8.144) of the terms for games and sports named in Mellbretha: 1. lúb, líathróit; 2. corthe críche; 3. tochailt trebán; 4. lém; 5. snám; 6. sraenán; 7. brandub; 8. fidchell; 9. buanfach; 10. folach migán; 11. immarchor uanán; 12. ardchless co n-ublaib; 13. bocluasc; 14. echréim; 15. cor cloiche; 16. dréim; 17. léim; 18. díbirciud; 19. uathad fri hilar; 20. crosdibirciud; 21. táithe tuilche; 22. bundsach i n-airecht.

Appendix: A synthetic version of the lists of martial feats (cles) as found in the Ulster cycle of tales.

immorchor ṅdelend: ‘use of charioteer’s wand to sight a straight course and to hold the chariot on this course over long distances’; foscul ṅdíriuch (‘straight / level cleaving or sundering’); léim dar boilg (‘leaping across a gorge / gap / chasm’ as compliment to the other two skills).

Examines the early Irish lists of cles and discusses the individual feats, primarily those associated with Cú Chulainn in Táin bó Cúailnge (cf. TBC 1 ll. 1714-1719): 1. ubullchless; 2. fáeborchless; 3. fáenchless; 4. cless cletenach; 5.téchtless; 6. corpchless; 7. cless caitt; 8. ích n-erred; 9. cor ndeled; 10. léim dar néib/néim; 11. filliud erred náir; 12. gái bolga; 13. bái brasse; 14. rothchless; 15. ochtarchless; 16. cless for análaib; 17. bruud gine; 18. sian caurad; 19. béim co commus; 20. táithbéim; 21. dréim fri fogaist agus agus dírgud crette fora rind co fonnadm níad náir.

Discusses various examples of medieval Irish literary etymologizing: 1. Oisín (from Dinnshenchas); 2. áes síde (from Echtra Conli); 3. Cenn Currig, Currech Lifi and Bodamair (from Bruiden Átha hÍ); 4. Adarca Iuchna and *Léimm Finn (from Aided Find).

Repr. in The heroic process (1987), pp. 1-24.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

1. Na feadhainn leis am bu leis e; 2.-chd; 3. uile.

barr, caoi, faitíos, feadh, grá, leisce, nós, scáth.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

OIr. leth, leithe.

[1] Glórshúil ; [2] Cuirim in iúl ; [3] Barróg; [4] Fínné ; [5] Césmuite.

Add. & corr. in Éigse 18/2 (1981), p. 308.

Discusses the following place-names elements: 1. peighinn; 2. leithpheighinn; 3. fàirdean; 4. dabhach; 5. ceathramh.

Records place names from the west of An Leith-Triúch, Co. Kerry.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

Reviews D. Binchy’s discussion (in Celtica 8.144) of the terms for games and sports named in Mellbretha: 1. lúb, líathróit; 2. corthe críche; 3. tochailt trebán; 4. lém; 5. snám; 6. sraenán; 7. brandub; 8. fidchell; 9. buanfach; 10. folach migán; 11. immarchor uanán; 12. ardchless co n-ublaib; 13. bocluasc; 14. echréim; 15. cor cloiche; 16. dréim; 17. léim; 18. díbirciud; 19. uathad fri hilar; 20. crosdibirciud; 21. táithe tuilche; 22. bundsach i n-airecht.

Appendix: A synthetic version of the lists of martial feats (cles) as found in the Ulster cycle of tales.

Normalised editions of three (late ?) Middle Irish poems from MS Brussels 20978–9 with English translation and notes. [1.] Aislinge Augustín áin, on the special virtue of the Beati (Ir. bia(i)t) (118th psalm), which is described as containing 22 chapters (coiptel) and 8 verses (fersa) in each chapter; [2.] Trí sethra ro chuala ar ló, on fasting; [3.] Cinaed, cá cin ro buí dúinn; for further comment on poem, see J. V. Kelleher, in Éigse 16/4 (1976), pp. 251-54; some discussion of phrase lemnacht la cat.

On the Gaelic forms and possible origins of the place-name village name Leumaragh, Leumrabhagh (anglicised as Lemreway), in Lewis.

Aghaderg, Lenaderg, Derry.

Repr. from BUPNS 3/1 (Spring 1955), pp. 1-4.

Development in Celtic languages. Cf. D. Greene, Gemination, in Celtica 3 (1956), pp. 284-289; The spirant mutation in Brythonic, in Celtica 7 (1966), pp. 116-119; K. H. Jackson, Gemination and the spirant mutation, in Celtica 5 (1960), pp. 127-134.

Some discussion of the terms samchásc ‘summer Easter’, corgus ‘Lent’, samchorgus ‘summer Lent’, gamchorgus ‘winter Lent’ and minchásc ‘Low Sunday’. Concludes that the St Gall Priscian MS was begun in October 850 and completed in August 851.

Argues the name of Leod’s great-grandfather was Olbhar (ScG Olghar, ON Ölvir), rather than Olaf. Includes a discussion of the forms of these and related names attested in the Gaelic genealogies.

ad William Matheson, in TGSI 51 (1978-1980), pp. 68-80.

Hapax legomena bzw. nicht gesicherte Formen (cainim, clithem, etham, foídem, laissem, meisem/mesam, roem, sílem, sruithem, toirnem); Tierbezeichnungen (*betham, braichem, glaídem, legam, léom, sirem, toinnem, trichem/trechem); Bezeichnungen für Werkzeuge bzw. Gebrauchgegenstände (airnem, airtem, ceram, drolam, es(s)em, fíam, galam, genam/genum, ¹rúam, ²rúam, súainem); Personennamen (Aithem, *Segam, *Regam, Maram, Solam); Ähnliche Bildungen (mithem, ollam); Zusammenfassung.

ad K. Jackson, in Celtica 11 (1976), pp. 94-106, and O. Bergin, in Ériu 2 (1905), pp. 36-48 (Best¹, p. 48).

1. The rise of the -eó- future; 2. The -ea- future stems; 3. Mu. Ir. geód and leomhfad.

bambairne; cníopaire; grabaire; guilpín; (p)leota; niúide neáide; raicleach; ráilliúnach; ránaí; reanglach.

Inland pool, lake: linn and loch; Coastal inlet: inber, gabul, gobél, cúan and muincenn; The sea: muir, ler, fairrge and ocían.

Studies the meaning, chronology and distribution of these two place-name elements.

On the use and distribution of the place-name elements dún, ráth, lios, cathair, caiseal.

Argues that the use of les and aimles in Tochmarc Étaíne (cf. LU 10822-3) possibly represents an inherited Common Celtic formula.

Studies the organization of the king’s banquet as described in Suidigud Tigi Midchúarta, discussing in particular the carving sequence and the hierarchically distributed cuts of meat: 1. lónchrúachait; 2. leschrúachait; 3. loarg; 4. muc formuin; 5. colpthae; 6. crúachait medóin; 7. cunn; 8. mael; 9. midimir; 10. milgetan; 11. camchnáim; 12. colpthae muc; 13. remor n-imdae; 14. dronn.

Ard Relic; Less in Memra.

is a loanword from British-Latin dated to the 5th-6th century, contemporary with the introduction of beekeeping into Ireland.

On lestar (§30).

On the use of leth ‘half’ (vs. DIL s.v. leth ‘side’) to indicate ‘one of a natural pair’.

OIr. leth, leithe.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

Discusses evidence from the annals for two Airgialla place names.

1. The scribes; 2. The title of the manuscript; 3. The history of LU from 1359 to 1470; 4. Gaps in the history of LU; 5. The Leth Cuinn orientation of the original contents of LU; 6. Sources of LU texts: (1) Lost manuscripts from Armagh and Monasterboice; (2) Cín (or Lebar) Dromma Snechta; 7. The entry of CDS texts into the Connacht tradition; 8. The probable contents of CDS; 9. LU and the CDS tradition; 10. The authors mentioned in LU; 11. The text of LG [Lebor Gabála] lost from LU; 12. A reference to Muirghius mac Páidín’s manuscript; 13. TBC and Tochmarc Emire (TE); 14. The manuscripts of TE; 15. The recensions of TE; 16. LU and the intact text of TE; 17. The version of TE represented by R [Rawlinson B 512]; 18. The relationship between R and the intact text: (A) Miscellaneous forms; (B) Infixes and suffixes; 19. Conclusions as to the textual history of TE. Continued in Éigse 30 (1997), pp. 27-91.

Discusses the following Old and Middle Irish toponyms and ethnonyms: Albu, Ériu, Letha, Goídel, Féni.

OIr. lethan.

OIr. dall, cáech, goll, lethcháech.

[1.] Goill, Lethghoill, Fionnlochlannaigh; [2.] Fionnghall; [3.] Rí Innse Gall, Dominus Insularum, Rìgh Fionnghall; [4.] Conclusion.

On the use of leth ‘half’ (vs. DIL s.v. leth ‘side’) to indicate ‘one of a natural pair’.

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

Suggests various explanations for the variants of leugh, leughadh, leughaidh with medial or final /v/ replacing expected /ɣ/.

On the Gaelic forms and possible origins of the place-name village name Leumaragh, Leumrabhagh (anglicised as Lemreway), in Lewis.

Criticises and corrects W. J. Watson and G. Henderson’s methodology for reconstructing underlying Old Norse place-names in (especially Outer Hebrides) Scottish Gaelic.

1. ní, nithinn, a bheag, cineál; 2. dada, tada, rud, neamhní, náit, puinn, se(o)id, pioc, bit, fríd, giob, luid, heat, pingin, ás, bonn, sciúrtóg, screapall; 3. dath, lí, ceo, seó, leus, poidhs, scaile, steama; 4. sian, seinm, guth, dùrd, focal, puth, diog, cneadadh; 5. blas, gráinne, greim, smailc, deoir; 6. cáil, cruthaitheachd, tarbha, faic(e), tap, car, fionna-feanna, folt.

1. Bede and the name Dalriada; 2. Froissart’s Montres and Melrose Abbey; 3. William Worcestre on Stormont and Dercongal; 4. William Worcestre on Lough Hakern, Islay; 5. Cardenden and Kincardine; 6. Abercorn, Lothian; 7. Insula Leverith, the old name of Cramond Island; 8. Coldingham, near Berwick; 9. Penchrise, near Hawick; 10. Aberlosk, near Moffat; 11. Girvan, Ayrshire.

Edition of a pseudo-epigraphical anecdote on an Irish Leviathan from MS Rawlinson B 502, f. 46^vb, Ad-fét Augustín…, here edited with English translation and a study of the origin of the Biblical sea-monster motif.

1. ní, nithinn, a bheag, cineál; 2. dada, tada, rud, neamhní, náit, puinn, se(o)id, pioc, bit, fríd, giob, luid, heat, pingin, ás, bonn, sciúrtóg, screapall; 3. dath, lí, ceo, seó, leus, poidhs, scaile, steama; 4. sian, seinm, guth, dùrd, focal, puth, diog, cneadadh; 5. blas, gráinne, greim, smailc, deoir; 6. cáil, cruthaitheachd, tarbha, faic(e), tap, car, fionna-feanna, folt.

1. rachlais; 2. Samplaí sa chaint den réimír gú- (from gáu, gó ‘lie’, with meaning of ‘false’): (a) gúshnáth/gabhshnáth; (b) comhphocaide (< gúphocaide); 3. liaga (< liadha, from lia ‘flood, spate’).

Edits a passage on the eight parts of a mill from the tract De ceithri slichtaib athgabála, beg. Im ocht mbullu ara-fognat muilenn (CIH ii 374.19-20, etc.); with English translation, textual notes and a vocabulary list.

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

On the interpretation of a passage in Baile in Scáil, which suggests that rejection by the Lia Fáil meant death for the aspirant.

Ferp Cluche in De shíl Chonairi Móir represents ferb(b) chluichi ‘word of (the) contest’; ferb < Lat. uerbum; vs. C. Watkins, in Celtica 6 (1963), p. 233 n. 1. Also fonnad in DSCM means 'wheel-rim’. Implications for Lia Fáil.

Discusses the descriptions of dragon-stones in early Irish literature.

Discusses the descriptions of dragon-stones in early Irish literature.

Suggests the phrase lía lógmar is borrowed from classical sources (cf. L. lapis pretiosus in Solinus) and ultimately could be used to denote any bright gem.

Analysis of content and style of devotional stanzas appended to 20 dinnshenchas poems; use of Rí, Coimdiu, Dúilem, Fer adressing the Deity. Concludes that Cuán ua Lóchán (†1024) is the author. [1.] Introduction; [2.] ‘Loch Dergderc’ (beg. Inlinnse luaidim cach lá), `Áth Luain’ (beg. A ḟir théit i mag Medba), ‘Carn Furbaide’ (beg. Atá sund Carn uí Chathbath); Saltair na Rann; [2.] ‘Cleitech’ (beg. Cleitech in druí díles daith); [3.] ‘Crechmael’ (beg. In dremsa nach duairc oc dáil); [4.] ‘Es Ruaid I’ (beg. A ḟir dodechaid atuaid); [5.] ‘Lia Nothain’ (beg. Atá sunn fo choirthe chruaid), ‘Sliab Betha’ (beg. Atchíu lecht deoraid do chéin), ‘Druim Cliab’ (beg. Sunna ro boí Caurnan cas), ‘Cerna’ (beg. Cia bem sunn 'nar suide sel), ‘Loch nÉrne’ (beg. Loch nÉrne, ard a oscur), ‘Ard Macha’ (beg. In mag imriadat ar n-eich), ‘Temair III’ (beg. Temair togha na tulach); [6.] ‘Dubthir’ (beg. Dubthir Guaire, gním dia fail), ‘Nemthenn’ (beg. Dreco ingen Chalcmaíl chruaid), ‘Mag Luirg’ (beg. Is eol dam im threbthas tó); [7.] ‘Mag Muirisce’ (beg. A ḟir a Muirisc na marc); [8.] ‘Loch Néil’ (beg. Luaidim Loch Néil, násad nglé); [9.] ‘Benn Ḟoibne’ (beg. Eol dam co soirbe sercaig); 10. The rime dil: -ḟir and ‘Mag nAí' (beg. A ḟir, dia téis i Mag nAí); [11.] A poet’s enthusiasm for his subject.

Earlier líag. Cf. E. P. Hamp, in Ériu 24 (1973), pp. 171-172 [Varia I: 5. On voicing in Old Irish final spirants].

1. rachlais; 2. Samplaí sa chaint den réimír gú- (from gáu, gó ‘lie’, with meaning of ‘false’): (a) gúshnáth/gabhshnáth; (b) comhphocaide (< gúphocaide); 3. liaga (< liadha, from lia ‘flood, spate’).

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

Earlier líag. Cf. E. P. Hamp, in Ériu 24 (1973), pp. 171-172 [Varia I: 5. On voicing in Old Irish final spirants].

1. rachlais; 2. Samplaí sa chaint den réimír gú- (from gáu, gó ‘lie’, with meaning of ‘false’): (a) gúshnáth/gabhshnáth; (b) comhphocaide (< gúphocaide); 3. liaga (< liadha, from lia ‘flood, spate’).

líaig originally disyllabic.

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

Discusses healing miracles in the Vitae; remedies in early Irish law (Bretha crólige, etc.); function of the liaig and female healing; magical healing, charms.

1. saucer (sàsar, flat); 2. hair (of the head) (gruag, falt); 3. oystercatcher (trìlleachan, brìdean); 4. smoke (from the chimney) (toit, ceò); 5. porridge (brochan, lite); 6. blue (of the sky) (liath, gorm); 7. grey (of hair) (glas, liath); 8. Sunday (Di-Dòmhnaich, Latha na Sàbaid) – all with corresponding maps.

Reviews D. Binchy’s discussion (in Celtica 8.144) of the terms for games and sports named in Mellbretha: 1. lúb, líathróit; 2. corthe críche; 3. tochailt trebán; 4. lém; 5. snám; 6. sraenán; 7. brandub; 8. fidchell; 9. buanfach; 10. folach migán; 11. immarchor uanán; 12. ardchless co n-ublaib; 13. bocluasc; 14. echréim; 15. cor cloiche; 16. dréim; 17. léim; 18. díbirciud; 19. uathad fri hilar; 20. crosdibirciud; 21. táithe tuilche; 22. bundsach i n-airecht.

Appendix: A synthetic version of the lists of martial feats (cles) as found in the Ulster cycle of tales.

Provides list of 12 headwords from DIL, which ultimately derive from R. Kirk’s ScG glossary (1690): brúadar, búbaire, buidne, coimíadad, cuinneán, énadóir, fadban, folach, gadmuin, lidach, línán, lúadaige.

Suggests the phrase lía lógmar is borrowed from classical sources (cf. L. lapis pretiosus in Solinus) and ultimately could be used to denote any bright gem.

Studies the verbs bain, cuir, déan, gabh, lean, lig, tabhair, tar, téigh.

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

1. ainsiléad; 2. bindealán; 3. buimbéal; 4. bumbal, buimiléad; 5. fáiméad, páiméad; 6. fúinniméad, fúinniméadach; 7. líméar; 8. lindéar; 9. lipéad; 10. scipéad; 11. spiara; 12. spícéad; 13. straiféad; 14. stráisiún; 15. stroimpiléad; 16. strúiméad, stráiméad; 17. struipléad.

Extracts of annalistic entries concerning the dioceses of Limerick and Killaloe, and a list of bishoprics set up at the Synod of Kells in 1152. Ed. with Engl transl. from MS TCD H 2.12/9.

Limistéar < limistéad < Engl ‘limit-stead’.

Limistéar < limistéad < Engl ‘limit-stead’.

Limistéar < limistéad < Engl ‘limit-stead’.

Argues that the semantic shift of OIr. lín from ‘full’ to ‘number’ is due to the preservation of a borrowed Near-Eastern cultural concept as an archaic semantic feature of the Proto-Indo-European root *plē.

Provides list of 12 headwords from DIL, which ultimately derive from R. Kirk’s ScG glossary (1690): brúadar, búbaire, buidne, coimíadad, cuinneán, énadóir, fadban, folach, gadmuin, lidach, línán, lúadaige.

1. ainsiléad; 2. bindealán; 3. buimbéal; 4. bumbal, buimiléad; 5. fáiméad, páiméad; 6. fúinniméad, fúinniméadach; 7. líméar; 8. lindéar; 9. lipéad; 10. scipéad; 11. spiara; 12. spícéad; 13. straiféad; 14. stráisiún; 15. stroimpiléad; 16. strúiméad, stráiméad; 17. struipléad.

In appendix B ‘Notes on the Irish terms tlú and tlú garmaint’ discusses the Irish words for cloving tongs: tlú garman, etc.

Inland pool, lake: linn and loch; Coastal inlet: inber, gabul, gobél, cúan and muincenn; The sea: muir, ler, fairrge and ocían.

ad IGT ii §124; refers to restrictions in the form of the acc. and dat. sg. of móin, cluain, coill when they are used as placename elements.

1. ui : [uː]; 2. [au] : [ai]; 3. ainneart; 4. ceannard; 5. bínne, línne; cunnart.

Limistéar < limistéad < Engl ‘limit-stead’.

Studies the meaning, chronology and distribution of these two place-name elements.

On the use and distribution of the place-name elements dún, ráth, lios, cathair, caiseal.

1. Glenravel. 2. Farnaght. 3. Ballyhaukish. 4. Barnagrotty. 5. Castlewarden. 6. Drumacoo. 7. Heapstown. 8. Iffa and Offa. 9. Inch St Laurence. 10. Killeshin. 11. Tirerrill. 12. Toberdan. 13. Tolka. 14. Woodstock. 15. Woodstock. 16. Finnoo. 17. Evegallahoo. 18. Lismakeery. 19. Ballymakeery. 20. Sheen. 21. Shiven. 22. Shimna.

Examines the distribution of place-names in northern Britain which contain elements defined as P-Celtic. Appendix 1: Survey of place-name elements organized according to their degree of Pictishness (Category 1: P-Celtic words probably not borrowed into Gaelic: *aber or *abbor, *bren or *brun, *cēt, *cuper, *dol, *eclēs, *lanerc, *mig, *ogel, *pant, *pen, *pert, *pevr, *pren, ?*roth, *traus/*tros, Note on *nemed; Category 2: P-Celtic words borrowed into Gaelic but only attested in place-names: *cair, *carden, *gronn; Category 3: P-Celtic loan-words attested as common nouns in Gaelic: bad, dail, monadh, pett, pòr, preas; Category 4: Gaelic elements influenced by a Pictish cognate: ? beinn, blàr, càrn, dabhach, dùn, foithir, lios, ràth, srath); Appendix 2: The problem of Cardean; Appendix 3: A note on Keir; Appendix 4: Certain, probable or possible ‘Pictish’ names containing elements not discussed above.

1. ainsiléad; 2. bindealán; 3. buimbéal; 4. bumbal, buimiléad; 5. fáiméad, páiméad; 6. fúinniméad, fúinniméadach; 7. líméar; 8. lindéar; 9. lipéad; 10. scipéad; 11. spiara; 12. spícéad; 13. straiféad; 14. stráisiún; 15. stroimpiléad; 16. strúiméad, stráiméad; 17. struipléad.

Discussion of words for ‘river’ and ‘water’ in Indo-European languages. Some discussion of Ir. aub, Monand, Manannán, mac lir, Min (gen. Mena; name of river in Co. Antrim).

Repr. in Ausgewählte Beiträge zur typologischen Sprachgeographie, pp. 169-173.

Examines the usage of names of illnesses and diseases occurring in the text of Bethada náem nÉrenn: 1. amlabar, bacach, bodhar, clamhdall, lobhar; 2. aillse, fiolun fionn, easbadha, cuthach; scamach, lirach, moirtin marbh, bás obann, ifreann; esláinte theinntidhe, galar cos, demhan.

On the use and distribution of the place-name elements dún, ráth, lios, cathair, caiseal.

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

The mythological figure Mac Creiche: 1. Kilmacrehy; 2. The folklore of Liscannor; 3. The documentary material; 4. Mac Creiche’s age; 5. Mac Creiche as hermit; 6. Mac Creiche and the sea; 7. Mac Creiche’s contests with monsters; 8. Mac Creiche as ‘man of plunder’; 9. Other miracles of Mac Creiche; 10. Mac Creiche’s tribal and family connections; 11. Mac Creiche’s connections with other saints; 12. The historicity of Mac Creiche; 13. Who was Mac Creiche? Includes an appendix on the Cyclops in Ireland by D. Greene (pp. 120-21).

1. Glenravel. 2. Farnaght. 3. Ballyhaukish. 4. Barnagrotty. 5. Castlewarden. 6. Drumacoo. 7. Heapstown. 8. Iffa and Offa. 9. Inch St Laurence. 10. Killeshin. 11. Tirerrill. 12. Toberdan. 13. Tolka. 14. Woodstock. 15. Woodstock. 16. Finnoo. 17. Evegallahoo. 18. Lismakeery. 19. Ballymakeery. 20. Sheen. 21. Shiven. 22. Shimna.

Dromorebrague, Lisnabrague, Armaghbrague. [Continued in p. 179.]

Repr. from BUPNS 4/2 (Autumn 1956), pp. 25-27.

Also as element in place names: Moneygold, Lissadulta, Ballindoalty, etc.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

1. saucer (sàsar, flat); 2. hair (of the head) (gruag, falt); 3. oystercatcher (trìlleachan, brìdean); 4. smoke (from the chimney) (toit, ceò); 5. porridge (brochan, lite); 6. blue (of the sky) (liath, gorm); 7. grey (of hair) (glas, liath); 8. Sunday (Di-Dòmhnaich, Latha na Sàbaid) – all with corresponding maps.

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

OIr. líthech ‘accused person’ (cf. liïd ‘accuses’) and Lat. lı̄s, lı̄tis ‘lawsuit’; also OIr. ad ‘law’, adae ‘due, fitting, proper’, adas ‘suitable, appropriate to’ and Umbrian arsie ‘sancte’, etc; OIr. coll ‘injury, violation’ and Lat. culpa ‘blame’; cf. *-din- in trédenus ‘three days’ and Lat. nundinum ‘nine days’.

On the mutual interaction of Irish and Latin in two words used by Virgil the Grammarian: 1. litteratura [and its relation to OIr. litred]; 2. bessu [and its relation to OIr. bés.]

Treatment of early Irish hiatus in Scottish Gaelic, especially in the sequence /i-u/.

Represents a semantic development from leth- ‘half’; Irish exx. include leithdeimhin ‘almost certain’, leath-gharbh ‘quite wild’, leath-mhall ‘late enough’, leath-shéidte 'blown strongly’.

On the etymology of W Lloegr; some discussion of OIr. i-lle(i) ‘hither’.

1. all ‘rock, cliff’; 2. ail ‘rock’; 3. alt ‘joint, etc’; 4. allt ‘height, cliff’; 5. alt and allt contrasted. Also on the contrast between ‘lenited’ l and ‘unlenited’ ll before t in OIr. (vs. GOI, 74).

ad R. Thurneysen, in ZCP 13 (1919), p. 105. Provides an example of the conjectured non-dissimilated roar from the Old Irish legal text Cáin Ḟuithirbe.

Studies the organization of the king’s banquet as described in Suidigud Tigi Midchúarta, discussing in particular the carving sequence and the hierarchically distributed cuts of meat: 1. lónchrúachait; 2. leschrúachait; 3. loarg; 4. muc formuin; 5. colpthae; 6. crúachait medóin; 7. cunn; 8. mael; 9. midimir; 10. milgetan; 11. camchnáim; 12. colpthae muc; 13. remor n-imdae; 14. dronn.

Examines the usage of names of illnesses and diseases occurring in the text of Bethada náem nÉrenn: 1. amlabar, bacach, bodhar, clamhdall, lobhar; 2. aillse, fiolun fionn, easbadha, cuthach; scamach, lirach, moirtin marbh, bás obann, ifreann; esláinte theinntidhe, galar cos, demhan.

1. Roinnt focal in -éad; 2. Dhá fhocal in -ús; 3. vardrús agus faithlios; 4. bab/bob; 5. lúmanaí; 6. raiclín; 7. Cúig ainm bhriathartha in -áil (siobáil, raitleáil, babáil, cuileáil, fraeicsáil); 8. gaillseach < gaibhlseach; 9. locáiste.

Argues that European *ɔ > *o before high vowels (nom. muir *mori-, with raising) but > *a before non-high vowels (gen. muir < *maro-).

Inland pool, lake: linn and loch; Coastal inlet: inber, gabul, gobél, cúan and muincenn; The sea: muir, ler, fairrge and ocían.

[1.] The Fráech texts [Táin bó Fraích, Tochmarc Treblainne and the poems Laoidh Fhraoich (beg. Osnadh carad a Cluain Fraoich), Carn Fraoich, soitheach na saorchlann]; [2.] Fráech and the monster [place-names (e.g. Dublind Fraích, Loch Bága, Carn Fraích, Cluain Fraích) suggest early Fráech texts associated with Connacht; compares and contrasts TBF, LF and CFSS]. App. A contains an Engl. transl. of LF, based on text in MS Edinburgh, NLS Adv. 72.1.37 (Dean of Lismore’s Book).

For part II, see CMCS 8 (Winter, 1984), pp. 65-85.

Includes a brief discussion of the Irish names for Waterford, Port Láirge and Loch dá Cháech. In appendix a list of their occurrences in the Irish annals.

[1.] Introduction; [2.] Loch Dairbhreach in the manuscript transmission of OCL; [3.] Subject matter of OCL; [4.] OCL and Early Modern Irish religious literature; [5.] The children of Lir’s transformation into swans; [6.] The significance of the Tuatha Dé Danann; [7.] OCL and its contemporary context: OCL can be viewed as a literary example of the Christian virtue of patient endurance of unjust suffering resulting in rewards in the afterlife; [8.] OCL and Buile Suibhne; [9.] Classification of OCL; [10.] Conclusion.

Suggests that Moynagh Lough is to be equated with Loch Dé Mundech.

Analysis of content and style of devotional stanzas appended to 20 dinnshenchas poems; use of Rí, Coimdiu, Dúilem, Fer adressing the Deity. Concludes that Cuán ua Lóchán (†1024) is the author. [1.] Introduction; [2.] ‘Loch Dergderc’ (beg. Inlinnse luaidim cach lá), `Áth Luain’ (beg. A ḟir théit i mag Medba), ‘Carn Furbaide’ (beg. Atá sund Carn uí Chathbath); Saltair na Rann; [2.] ‘Cleitech’ (beg. Cleitech in druí díles daith); [3.] ‘Crechmael’ (beg. In dremsa nach duairc oc dáil); [4.] ‘Es Ruaid I’ (beg. A ḟir dodechaid atuaid); [5.] ‘Lia Nothain’ (beg. Atá sunn fo choirthe chruaid), ‘Sliab Betha’ (beg. Atchíu lecht deoraid do chéin), ‘Druim Cliab’ (beg. Sunna ro boí Caurnan cas), ‘Cerna’ (beg. Cia bem sunn 'nar suide sel), ‘Loch nÉrne’ (beg. Loch nÉrne, ard a oscur), ‘Ard Macha’ (beg. In mag imriadat ar n-eich), ‘Temair III’ (beg. Temair togha na tulach); [6.] ‘Dubthir’ (beg. Dubthir Guaire, gním dia fail), ‘Nemthenn’ (beg. Dreco ingen Chalcmaíl chruaid), ‘Mag Luirg’ (beg. Is eol dam im threbthas tó); [7.] ‘Mag Muirisce’ (beg. A ḟir a Muirisc na marc); [8.] ‘Loch Néil’ (beg. Luaidim Loch Néil, násad nglé); [9.] ‘Benn Ḟoibne’ (beg. Eol dam co soirbe sercaig); 10. The rime dil: -ḟir and ‘Mag nAí' (beg. A ḟir, dia téis i Mag nAí); [11.] A poet’s enthusiasm for his subject.

Part I (Secular): (A) Armagh plain: Macha, Emain Macha, Oenach Macha, Drumconwell, Creeveroe and divisions; Loughnashade, Kings Stables, Ráth Cimbaíth, Tullyworgle, Bull’s Track; (B) South Armagh: Slieve Gullion, Sliab Monduirn, Sliab Fuait, Áth na Foraire, Béal Átha an Airgid, Dorsey, Loch Echtra, Nemed, Callan, Ardachadh, Cloenloch, Forkill, Midluachair, Fiodh Conaille, Fathom, Carnbane, Búrach Ulad. Part II (Lives of St. Patrick): Ind Fherta, Ard Macha, Ard Sailech, Telach na Licce, Tamlachta Bó, Cenngoba, Oenach Macha, Nemed.

[1.] Taexali; [2.] Caelis, the river Deveron; [3.] Loxa, the Lossie, and Welsh llosg ‘burning’; [4.] Eitis and Loch Etive.

Argues it may have been known as Loch Erne in the early medieval period.

[1.] Taexali; [2.] Caelis, the river Deveron; [3.] Loxa, the Lossie, and Welsh llosg ‘burning’; [4.] Eitis and Loch Etive.

Argues that the Uarbél (‘Cold Gap’) contained in Esgair Oeruel may be identified with Windgates in Co. Wicklow, and that Tir Ga[r]mon is a reference to Loch Garman.

[1.] Analogues of the banners in Germanic and other cultures; [2.] Banners in Irish tradition outside the fian; [3.] Banners associated with the fian; [4.] The banner quatrains in later tradition (incl. names of banners, e.g. Dealbh Ghréine, Fulang Doghra, Aoincheannach, Dún Naomhtha, Lámh Dhearg, Sguab Ghábhaidh, Lóch Luinneach); [5.] Form and composition of the BDL poem [see [6.]]; [6.] Edition (Poem beg. Naoinear a chuadhm[ar] fá choill, ed. from NLS MS Adv. 72.1.37 (Dean of Lismore’s Bk); with Engl transl. and notes). Figs.

Proposes Loch Mackennlaun < Loch ‘icuínleáin < Loch [mh]ic Uibhleáin.

The use of place-names in various Fenian ballds, incl. Beann Ghulbain (Laoidh Dhiarmaid, beg. Gleann Síodh an gleann so rém thaoibh), Carn Fraoich, Loch Máigh (Laoidh Fhraoich, beg. Osnadh carad a Cluain Fraoich), etc.

Suggests that Moynagh Lough is to be equated with Loch Dé Mundech.

Analysis of content and style of devotional stanzas appended to 20 dinnshenchas poems; use of Rí, Coimdiu, Dúilem, Fer adressing the Deity. Concludes that Cuán ua Lóchán (†1024) is the author. [1.] Introduction; [2.] ‘Loch Dergderc’ (beg. Inlinnse luaidim cach lá), `Áth Luain’ (beg. A ḟir théit i mag Medba), ‘Carn Furbaide’ (beg. Atá sund Carn uí Chathbath); Saltair na Rann; [2.] ‘Cleitech’ (beg. Cleitech in druí díles daith); [3.] ‘Crechmael’ (beg. In dremsa nach duairc oc dáil); [4.] ‘Es Ruaid I’ (beg. A ḟir dodechaid atuaid); [5.] ‘Lia Nothain’ (beg. Atá sunn fo choirthe chruaid), ‘Sliab Betha’ (beg. Atchíu lecht deoraid do chéin), ‘Druim Cliab’ (beg. Sunna ro boí Caurnan cas), ‘Cerna’ (beg. Cia bem sunn 'nar suide sel), ‘Loch nÉrne’ (beg. Loch nÉrne, ard a oscur), ‘Ard Macha’ (beg. In mag imriadat ar n-eich), ‘Temair III’ (beg. Temair togha na tulach); [6.] ‘Dubthir’ (beg. Dubthir Guaire, gním dia fail), ‘Nemthenn’ (beg. Dreco ingen Chalcmaíl chruaid), ‘Mag Luirg’ (beg. Is eol dam im threbthas tó); [7.] ‘Mag Muirisce’ (beg. A ḟir a Muirisc na marc); [8.] ‘Loch Néil’ (beg. Luaidim Loch Néil, násad nglé); [9.] ‘Benn Ḟoibne’ (beg. Eol dam co soirbe sercaig); 10. The rime dil: -ḟir and ‘Mag nAí' (beg. A ḟir, dia téis i Mag nAí); [11.] A poet’s enthusiasm for his subject.

Analysis of content and style of devotional stanzas appended to 20 dinnshenchas poems; use of Rí, Coimdiu, Dúilem, Fer adressing the Deity. Concludes that Cuán ua Lóchán (†1024) is the author. [1.] Introduction; [2.] ‘Loch Dergderc’ (beg. Inlinnse luaidim cach lá), `Áth Luain’ (beg. A ḟir théit i mag Medba), ‘Carn Furbaide’ (beg. Atá sund Carn uí Chathbath); Saltair na Rann; [2.] ‘Cleitech’ (beg. Cleitech in druí díles daith); [3.] ‘Crechmael’ (beg. In dremsa nach duairc oc dáil); [4.] ‘Es Ruaid I’ (beg. A ḟir dodechaid atuaid); [5.] ‘Lia Nothain’ (beg. Atá sunn fo choirthe chruaid), ‘Sliab Betha’ (beg. Atchíu lecht deoraid do chéin), ‘Druim Cliab’ (beg. Sunna ro boí Caurnan cas), ‘Cerna’ (beg. Cia bem sunn 'nar suide sel), ‘Loch nÉrne’ (beg. Loch nÉrne, ard a oscur), ‘Ard Macha’ (beg. In mag imriadat ar n-eich), ‘Temair III’ (beg. Temair togha na tulach); [6.] ‘Dubthir’ (beg. Dubthir Guaire, gním dia fail), ‘Nemthenn’ (beg. Dreco ingen Chalcmaíl chruaid), ‘Mag Luirg’ (beg. Is eol dam im threbthas tó); [7.] ‘Mag Muirisce’ (beg. A ḟir a Muirisc na marc); [8.] ‘Loch Néil’ (beg. Luaidim Loch Néil, násad nglé); [9.] ‘Benn Ḟoibne’ (beg. Eol dam co soirbe sercaig); 10. The rime dil: -ḟir and ‘Mag nAí' (beg. A ḟir, dia téis i Mag nAí); [11.] A poet’s enthusiasm for his subject.

Argues that the place name Loch Obha contains an old genitive preserving the vocalism of nominative aub, oub.

Proposes it is the Dundrum inlet, in Co. Down; also discusses the connected early place-names Loch Rudraige, Fertas Rudraige and Tonn Rudraige.

Argues it may have been known as Loch Erne in the early medieval period.

I. Ballycannon; II. Meenychanon; III. Cannon’s Lough; IV. Glennagannon; V. Drumcannon.

Studies the background to SS. Lugaid (al. Molua), Lóchéne (al. Molacca) and Lachténe (al. Molachtócc).

Discusses the terms Ériu, Féni, Scotti, Goídil, Cruthin, Picti, Albu, Bretain, Angli, Saxain, Frainc, Geinti, Gaill, Gall-Ghaedhil, Nordmainn, Lochlainn, Danair.

Argues that the kingdom called Lothlend (also Laithlind, Laithlinn, later Lochlainn) in Irish sources was not located in Norway but had been established in Scotland before 825 by Norwegian Vikings.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

OIr. lod (DIL L-181.40).

Lat. lodix glossed with Ir. sléic (means ‘pumice’, possibly related to slíachtaid ‘smoothes’), ruamnae (earlier form of rúamna ‘colouring matter, redish colour’), diol (‘fillet, diadem’): all exx. of ornamentum muliebre. Also suggests Ir. slíogadh ‘smoothing, polishing’ derives from ON slíkja ‘to smoothe’, although slíocadh forms may have been influenced by Engl. slick ‘to slick, polish, smooth’.

1. Tírechán’s aims in compiling the Collectanea: the established position; 2. The diverse nature of Patrician tradition; 3. Tírechán’s attitude to Armagh; 4. The ‘great church of Patrick’ associated with Conall m. Néill; 5. Loíguire’s control over Connacht as portrayed in the Collectanea; 6. The political context within which the Collectanea was written.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

Reconstructs a Celtic verbal noun longetu- (OIr. longud).

Addendum in KF 5 (2010-2012), pp. 185-187.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 330-341.

I. ceimesdin/cemeas [Corm. LB 10.31; H 3. 18, 67c36 = CIH ii 611.12 (Dúil Dromma Cetta)] ; II. ord [Corm. Y 1030]; III. minarba [Corm. Y 901]; IV. bíail [Corm. Y 126]; V. rot [Corm. Y 1120]; VI. loscuirn [Corm. Y 838]; VII. bradán [Corm. Y 158]; VIII. lon [H 3. 18, 76a36 = CIH ii 622.31].

1. Ir. cánóg ‘Sturmtaucher, Puffinus’; 2. Kymr. mwyalch, gäl. lon ‘Amsel’; 3. Die keltischen Namen der Ente; 4. Ir. lacha; 5. Ir. tonnóg; 6. Kymr. gwydd, ir. gé(d), ‘Gans’; 7. Ir. éan ‘Junges’.

The arable lands [ScG achadh, dail, goirtean, gead, io(dh)lann, claigionn, losaid, etc.]; The grazing lands [ScG ailean, bàrd, blàr, cluain, innis, lòn, machair, morbhach, magh, etc.]; Animal enclosures [ScG buaile, crò, cuithe/cuidhe, etc.]; Transhumance names [ScG airigh, rinn/roinn, both(an), sgail, etc.].

Studies the organization of the king’s banquet as described in Suidigud Tigi Midchúarta, discussing in particular the carving sequence and the hierarchically distributed cuts of meat: 1. lónchrúachait; 2. leschrúachait; 3. loarg; 4. muc formuin; 5. colpthae; 6. crúachait medóin; 7. cunn; 8. mael; 9. midimir; 10. milgetan; 11. camchnáim; 12. colpthae muc; 13. remor n-imdae; 14. dronn.

Incl. some discussion of univerbation of noun + adj., e.g. londubh.

Argues in favour of a Celtic *longo- ‘ship’ (cf. OIr. long) that bears no relation to Lat. adj. longus.

On OIr. fine, long as a common Celtic inheritance.

Longfordpass (alias Durrihy), Co. Tipperary.

Addenda in Peritia 12 (1998), p. 270.

longphort, daingean.

Includes a discussion of the Dublin longphort sites.

Also on the meaning of the term longphort.

Reconstructs a Celtic verbal noun longetu- (OIr. longud).

Addendum in KF 5 (2010-2012), pp. 185-187.

Offers an account of selected instances (both certain and doubtful) of lexical borrowing from Irish into Welsh: MW archan, MW diarchenad (< OIr. acrann?); MW cleirch (< OIr. cléirech); MW cor, dryccor (< OIr. cor, *droccor); MW denghyn (< OIr. daingen); MW graen(n)wyn(n) (perhaps includes OIr. gráin as element?); MW llonn (< OIr. lonn); MW mab llen (< OIr. mac léiginn); MW ochsael/ochsail (< OIr. oxal); MW wynebclawr (< OIr. clárainech).

Síopra is a loan-word from French.

§2. “Altkymrisch lauer” also concerns OIr. loor, lour and il.

Discusses the following Scottish place-names: 1. Noss Head, Piltanton Burn, Bennachie, and Dunscanby Head; 2. Arran, Cumnock, Girvan, and Irvine; 3. Loquhariot; 4. Pennango and Soutra.

1. faopach (< fadhb(h)thach); 2. *lora (lora ‘a squirrel’ in DIL derives from a misprint of iora).

1. faopach (< fadhb(h)thach); 2. *lora (lora ‘a squirrel’ in DIL derives from a misprint of iora).

I. An tráchtas ar Teampoll Mhuire Loreto in Teagasg Críosdaidhe Uí Eodhasa; II. An t-aithríoch ríoga (ad P. Ó Súilleabháin, An t-aithríoch ríoga [BILL 2794]); III. Nóta eile ar Scáthán Shacramuinte na hAithridhe (ad N. J. A. Williams, in Éigse 17 (1979), p. 436); IV. Pointí éagsúla as Párliament na mBan (ad B. Ó Cuív, Párliament na mBan [BILL 2793]).

OE borrowing from a Brittonic cognate of OIr. lorg.

4. ladhar; 5. lorga; 6. más; 7. tóin.

Metrical fault compensated for by alliteration.

Discusses the forms and distribution of sixteen basic Irish denominations of the lepracaun: clutharacán, geancánach, gréasaí leipreachán, leipreachán, loimreachán (?), lochradán, lochramán, loiridín, lorgadán, luadhacán, lúiricín, lúiridín, lúrachán, lutharadán, lutharagán.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

The arable lands [ScG achadh, dail, goirtean, gead, io(dh)lann, claigionn, losaid, etc.]; The grazing lands [ScG ailean, bàrd, blàr, cluain, innis, lòn, machair, morbhach, magh, etc.]; Animal enclosures [ScG buaile, crò, cuithe/cuidhe, etc.]; Transhumance names [ScG airigh, rinn/roinn, both(an), sgail, etc.].

1. Codhalc; 2. Coparús; 3. cuitbéar/cuiptéar; 4. gaimiléir; 5. gallán; 6. losán; 7. póiméid; 8. réadóir; 9. smuilcín.

I. ceimesdin/cemeas [Corm. LB 10.31; H 3. 18, 67c36 = CIH ii 611.12 (Dúil Dromma Cetta)] ; II. ord [Corm. Y 1030]; III. minarba [Corm. Y 901]; IV. bíail [Corm. Y 126]; V. rot [Corm. Y 1120]; VI. loscuirn [Corm. Y 838]; VII. bradán [Corm. Y 158]; VIII. lon [H 3. 18, 76a36 = CIH ii 622.31].

[1.] Taexali; [2.] Caelis, the river Deveron; [3.] Loxa, the Lossie, and Welsh llosg ‘burning’; [4.] Eitis and Loch Etive.

Argues that the kingdom called Lothlend (also Laithlind, Laithlinn, later Lochlainn) in Irish sources was not located in Norway but had been established in Scotland before 825 by Norwegian Vikings.

Analyses the etymology and usage of this name and argues it does not denote a particular location but is in origin a pejorative term directed at the Vikings, later replaced by more familiar Lochlann.

1. Bede and the name Dalriada; 2. Froissart’s Montres and Melrose Abbey; 3. William Worcestre on Stormont and Dercongal; 4. William Worcestre on Lough Hakern, Islay; 5. Cardenden and Kincardine; 6. Abercorn, Lothian; 7. Insula Leverith, the old name of Cramond Island; 8. Coldingham, near Berwick; 9. Penchrise, near Hawick; 10. Aberlosk, near Moffat; 11. Girvan, Ayrshire.

Argues it may have been known as Loch Erne in the early medieval period.

Focuses on placenames mentioned in Bruiden Da Choca and their connection with modern townland names in the vicinity of Bruidhean Da Choga: Kiltober, Carrickaneha, Cloghbreen, Bryanbeg Lower, Bryanbeg Upper, Bryanmore Lower, Bryanmore Upper, Lough Slania, Creevenamanagh.

Part I (Secular): (A) Armagh plain: Macha, Emain Macha, Oenach Macha, Drumconwell, Creeveroe and divisions; Loughnashade, Kings Stables, Ráth Cimbaíth, Tullyworgle, Bull’s Track; (B) South Armagh: Slieve Gullion, Sliab Monduirn, Sliab Fuait, Áth na Foraire, Béal Átha an Airgid, Dorsey, Loch Echtra, Nemed, Callan, Ardachadh, Cloenloch, Forkill, Midluachair, Fiodh Conaille, Fathom, Carnbane, Búrach Ulad. Part II (Lives of St. Patrick): Ind Fherta, Ard Macha, Ard Sailech, Telach na Licce, Tamlachta Bó, Cenngoba, Oenach Macha, Nemed.

§2. “Altkymrisch lauer” also concerns OIr. loor, lour and il.

Argues Med. Engl. lowcray is a type of linen fabric and is derived from Ir. town name Loughrea (Mod. Ir. Loch Ríach).

1. cómhrac i dtóin [and gáir faoi tholl]; 2. fochraí (an) lae [< fochroíb; cf. also forcraid, fortraid; for variation in similar clusters, cf. M. A. O’Brien, in Celtica 2/2 (1954), p. 353]; 3. feiste [‘entertainment’; feist, eisteas, feisteas; 4. crioslach [crioslaí pl.]; 5. seir; 6. paidir chapaill; 7. púirín; 8. is (ní) luar liom [luar < lú orm]; 9. tɑ: tu: tau [togha].

1. buachalán; 2. corrán cuiscireach; 3. feabhrán; 4. luachair; 5. lus mhic ríogh (Breatan).

Discusses the Scottish and Irish Gaelic terms lúad, lùth, lùthad, -luath, luadh, luadhadh, and their compounds.