Words and Proper Names

Compares with OIr. ·fríth and ·fúar.

Compares with OIr. ·fríth and ·fúar.

Based on the speech of one houselhold in Na Machaireacha, Gaoth Dobhair, Donegal: 1. -/xʹə/ in 3 sg. fem. and -/fə/ in 3 pl. forms of the compound preposition i ndéidh, e.g. ina déidh-che ‘after her’, ina ndéidh-fa ‘after them’; 2. é féin following 3 sg. masc. prepositional pronouns; 3. Generalisation of ina sheasamh, ina shuí, etc. with every person; 4. Variation in article between an and an t- with masc. nouns beg. with s- in the nom. sg. (e.g. an tsiopa) and also with masc. nouns beg. with a vowel in nom. sg. and when preceded by a preposition (e.g. an airgead, ar an t-éadan); 5. ag goil + vn + object pronoun; 6. The direct in place of the indirect relative particle; 7. más mó … más fearr.

[1.] Two-gesture segmental matrix; [2.] Dependency Phonology; [3.] The lenition series in Irish; [4.] Lenition of stops; [5.] Lenition of liquids: /m/ → [ɯ̃]; [6.] Lenition of the liquids: /L N/ → [l n]; [7.] Lenition of the liquids: /R/ → [r]; [8.] Lenition of /s/; [9.] Lenition of /f/; [10.] Lenition in initial clusters; [11.] Summary.

Derives the f-future from *bhwā. Also discusses the changes f > β, β > f.

[1.] Evidence for Gaelic speech in Banffshire in 1881; [2.] Evidence for the Gaelic dialect of Banffshire. Features with corresponding maps discussed incl.: 1. -am, -om; 2. -all, -oll, -ann, -onn; 3./4. Preaspiration before t and p; 5. -adh > Ø; 6. bh > u; 7. Slender -nn > [ŋʹ]; 8. -m + f- > -m + b-; 9. -n + s- > -n + z-; 10. -n + ʃ> -n + ʤ; 11. ‘east’ (sìos), ‘west’ (suas); 12. down(wards) (a-bhàn); [3.] Conclusions.

‘give’; f > h.

Addendum in Éigse 18.297.

[1.] builicín agus builcín (In the dialects of Galway, from Engl. bulkin and bulk respectively; also puilicín; other instances of alternation between initial p and b given); [2.] feidheal < meitheal (other instances of alternation between initial f and m given).

Asseses the various attempts at an etymology of this word (cf. T. F. O’Rahilly, in Ériu 9 (1923), pp. 18-19, T. S. Ó Máille, in Éigse 11/1 (1964), pp. 20-21, R. A. Breatnach, in Éigse 11/3 (1966), p. 159) and adheres to E. Knott’s suggestion of a derivation from Engl. pleurisy; also on the borrowing of p- as p- and f-).

1. *airmnecht; 2. crioslach; 3. daorach; 4. fabhairne; 5. fearacht; 6. imirt; 7. isteal; 8. praistéal.

ad T. F. O’Rahilly, in Ériu 13 (1942), pp. 216-217 (BILL 1717). Argues that OIr. forbrú has lenited bh by analogy with abhra, fabhra ‘eyelash, eyelid, (eye)brow’.

Discusses a number of Irish words for ‘scale’, ‘film’, ‘skin’, etc., incl. lann, bloesc (blaosc, plaosc), scánnán, seicne, scam(h)a, scam(h)ach, scamhadh, scamh, screamh, scamall, scamhal, fachail; also ad. D. Greene, in Celtica 4 (1958), p. 45 (BILL 1613).

Provides list of 12 headwords from DIL, which ultimately derive from R. Kirk’s ScG glossary (1690): brúadar, búbaire, buidne, coimíadad, cuinneán, énadóir, fadban, folach, gadmuin, lidach, línán, lúadaige.

Discusses the semantic change dess ‘south’ > ‘right’ and the etymology of Uisnech.

1. faopach (< fadhb(h)thach); 2. *lora (lora ‘a squirrel’ in DIL derives from a misprint of iora).

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

Examines the early Irish lists of cles and discusses the individual feats, primarily those associated with Cú Chulainn in Táin bó Cúailnge (cf. TBC 1 ll. 1714-1719): 1. ubullchless; 2. fáeborchless; 3. fáenchless; 4. cless cletenach; 5.téchtless; 6. corpchless; 7. cless caitt; 8. ích n-erred; 9. cor ndeled; 10. léim dar néib/néim; 11. filliud erred náir; 12. gái bolga; 13. bái brasse; 14. rothchless; 15. ochtarchless; 16. cless for análaib; 17. bruud gine; 18. sian caurad; 19. béim co commus; 20. táithbéim; 21. dréim fri fogaist agus agus dírgud crette fora rind co fonnadm níad náir.

Explores general concepts about the early Irish institution of brigandage within the context of Togail bruidne Da Derga, with special attention to its association with wolflike activities, and argues that the tale conveys the Christian condemnation of díberg.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

Examines the early Irish lists of cles and discusses the individual feats, primarily those associated with Cú Chulainn in Táin bó Cúailnge (cf. TBC 1 ll. 1714-1719): 1. ubullchless; 2. fáeborchless; 3. fáenchless; 4. cless cletenach; 5.téchtless; 6. corpchless; 7. cless caitt; 8. ích n-erred; 9. cor ndeled; 10. léim dar néib/néim; 11. filliud erred náir; 12. gái bolga; 13. bái brasse; 14. rothchless; 15. ochtarchless; 16. cless for análaib; 17. bruud gine; 18. sian caurad; 19. béim co commus; 20. táithbéim; 21. dréim fri fogaist agus agus dírgud crette fora rind co fonnadm níad náir.

1. Forleitheadas: Plunkett glosses Lat. faex as ‘Clann Thomáis Mhic Lóbais’; 2. sladuighe satha: vs. N. J. A. Williams, PCT, p. 151 n. 936: should be translated as ‘hive-robber, drone’ (cf. ladrann saithe); 3. ruisín vs. N. J. A. Williams, PCT 188 s.v.: refers to ‘lunch, etc.'; cf. T. de Bhaldraithe, in Ériu 31 (1980), pp. 169-171.

On the use and survival in English of an Irish war-cry, var. Anglicised as faugh an ballaugh, fag-a-ballagh, etc., meaning 'clear the way’.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

1. ní, nithinn, a bheag, cineál; 2. dada, tada, rud, neamhní, náit, puinn, se(o)id, pioc, bit, fríd, giob, luid, heat, pingin, ás, bonn, sciúrtóg, screapall; 3. dath, lí, ceo, seó, leus, poidhs, scaile, steama; 4. sian, seinm, guth, dùrd, focal, puth, diog, cneadadh; 5. blas, gráinne, greim, smailc, deoir; 6. cáil, cruthaitheachd, tarbha, faic(e), tap, car, fionna-feanna, folt.

-ráith, -táich, -lámair, -fáig, -fáid.

Discusses the origin of the Old Irish suffixless preterites fíu, fáid and fáig, and the origin of the ā-preterite.

-ráith, -táich, -lámair, -fáig, -fáid.

Discusses the origin of the Old Irish suffixless preterites fíu, fáid and fáig, and the origin of the ā-preterite.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

On the syntax of the idiom faigh bás.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

Also compared to OIr. fail.

Identifies and discusses personal names of certain or arguable Irish origin (Abniar, Adamnan, Bressal, Brón, Denma, Dengus, Faelfi, Fergus, Finan, Fladgus, Reachtchriðe, Salfach, Ultan; Cuna, Cunen, Honoc, Maethcor, Mucca, Ona, Onboth).

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

1. ainsiléad; 2. bindealán; 3. buimbéal; 4. bumbal, buimiléad; 5. fáiméad, páiméad; 6. fúinniméad, fúinniméadach; 7. líméar; 8. lindéar; 9. lipéad; 10. scipéad; 11. spiara; 12. spícéad; 13. straiféad; 14. stráisiún; 15. stroimpiléad; 16. strúiméad, stráiméad; 17. struipléad.

Discusses the semantic and morphological evolution of OIr. fír ‘milk’ and fáir ‘dawn’ from PIE *weh₁r- ‘water’.

Discusses the following place-names elements: 1. peighinn; 2. leithpheighinn; 3. fàirdean; 4. dabhach; 5. ceathramh.

Study based on 11 linguistic features: 1. Treatment of initial sr; 2. Treatment of postvocalic broad rt; 3. Treatment of stressed a before original long m; 4. Treatment of Old Irish -ig; 5. Treatment of postvocalic broad mh + consonant; 6. Gu robh math agad normal for ‘thank you’; 7. A’ tabhann normal for ‘barking of dog’; 8. Mothaich verb normally used for ‘feel’; 9. Drùin verb normally used for ‘close’; 10. Ballan normal for ‘cow’s teat’; 11. Ag èireachd.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

Takes LL’s reading fairrend in q. 2 of Cú Chulainn and Láeg’s laíd as a form of errend ‘mark’ rather than of foirrind ‘spear-point’, and offers a revision of Wh. Stokes translation (in RC 14.423 §39).

Inland pool, lake: linn and loch; Coastal inlet: inber, gabul, gobél, cúan and muincenn; The sea: muir, ler, fairrge and ocían.

1. A far-fetched formula for fairrge? [On an alliterative formula involving fairrge first attested in Blathmac]; 2. The ocean in uproar [Proposes two alternative etymologies for OIr. fairrge]; 3. The sound of the silent [On ‘compound alliteration’ in Blathmac]; 4. Alliterating beös [Argues beös in Blathmac §218 is a disyll. stressed on the last syll. making alliteration with an initial stressed vowel].

Argues that it is an intensive in for of an o-grade adjective *eks-ongi-.

§1 includes a discussion of the OIr. terms fáith, fili, bard, cerd, dúan, cétal, rosc, cubaid; §5. surveys medieval Irish versification.

1. Roinnt focal in -éad; 2. Dhá fhocal in -ús; 3. vardrús agus faithlios; 4. bab/bob; 5. lúmanaí; 6. raiclín; 7. Cúig ainm bhriathartha in -áil (siobáil, raitleáil, babáil, cuileáil, fraeicsáil); 8. gaillseach < gaibhlseach; 9. locáiste.

barr, caoi, faitíos, feadh, grá, leisce, nós, scáth.

Discusses the semantic change dess ‘south’ > ‘right’ and the etymology of Uisnech.

Fál maith a dhéanas comharsana maithe, etc.

1. conús [also conuas, conas, both < canós]; 2. froisín [< fras + ín]; 3. priompallán [also pr(o)impeallán, prompalán < Engl ‘bumble’ (= ‘bumblebee’; prombarlán, plumbarlán, primpearlán, plimpearlán, prumparlán < Engl ‘bumbler’ (= ‘bumblebee’); variants with tr(i)omp-, trump-, treamp- influenced by trompa ‘jew’s harp’; ‘etymological’ spelling proimpsheilleán derives from W. Shaw’s form priompsheillain]; 4. rumpall [< Engl ‘rumble’; cf. ‘etymological’ spelling rumptholl]; 5. *alfat ‘a cause’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707), who copied two consecutive words (al, fáth) in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662) as one word; gives rise to other variants: alfad, álfath, alfáth]; 6. *alfhalach ‘hide’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707) for a bhfalach in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662); gives rise to alfalach ‘thoroughly hid’].

Discusses the bird-names: ScG gug ‘gannet or solan goose’; Ir. foracha ‘common guillemot’; Gael. gearr (as used in bird-names, different to gearr ‘short’); ScG gearra-glas ‘black guillemot’; ScG craigeach ‘id.'; ScG falcag bhìorach ‘common guillemot’; ScG crosan ‘common guillemot; puffin’; Gael. taboo-replacements of the common guillemot (ScG eun dubh an sgadain, ScG eun a’ chrùbain, Ir. éan áille); ScG gille bog, boganach (as used in bird-names); Ir. droimneach ‘great black-backed gull’; Mx. spyrryd ‘tern’; ScG capull coille ‘capercaillie or Western grouse’; MIr. cerc ‘hen’.

Discusses the bird-names: ScG gug ‘gannet or solan goose’; Ir. foracha ‘common guillemot’; Gael. gearr (as used in bird-names, different to gearr ‘short’); ScG gearra-glas ‘black guillemot’; ScG craigeach ‘id.'; ScG falcag bhìorach ‘common guillemot’; ScG crosan ‘common guillemot; puffin’; Gael. taboo-replacements of the common guillemot (ScG eun dubh an sgadain, ScG eun a’ chrùbain, Ir. éan áille); ScG gille bog, boganach (as used in bird-names); Ir. droimneach ‘great black-backed gull’; Mx. spyrryd ‘tern’; ScG capull coille ‘capercaillie or Western grouse’; MIr. cerc ‘hen’.

ME falding < MIr. fallaing < ON *falding.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

1. saucer (sàsar, flat); 2. hair (of the head) (gruag, falt); 3. oystercatcher (trìlleachan, brìdean); 4. smoke (from the chimney) (toit, ceò); 5. porridge (brochan, lite); 6. blue (of the sky) (liath, gorm); 7. grey (of hair) (glas, liath); 8. Sunday (Di-Dòmhnaich, Latha na Sàbaid) – all with corresponding maps.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

1. palmaire/falmaire/falmaireacht; 2. fámaire/fámaireacht; 3. palmaire/falmaire; 4. falmadóir/halmadóir; 5. failm/ailm; 6. pailméar; 7. pám; 8. tailm/sailm/failm.

Elucidates the meaning of ScG fathamas, and argues it is identical with Ir. ómós, fómós and Mx. ammys.

Discusses ecclesiastical terminology (e.g. Lat. paruchia, familia, dominicus (> Ir. domnach), princeps, Ir. airchinnech, epscop tuaithe (cf. Lat. clericus plebis), etc.) and the impact of monasticism.

glenn; fán; fánglenn; fánaid; cobfán; srath.

glenn; fán; fánglenn; fánaid; cobfán; srath.

glenn; fán; fánglenn; fánaid; cobfán; srath.

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

Evaluates the possibility (suggested by K. McCone, in Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel, pp. 395-435) that OIr. fannall and Basque enara, ain(h)ara are etymologically connected.

OIr. fannall.

Includes a discussion of the etymology of the Old Irish terms blíadain, ónn uraid (MIr. innuraid), gaim, gem, gam, gaimred, errach, sam, samrad, fog(a)mar, feis, gamuin, fannall, samaisc, eórna.

Examines the exclusive Celto-Slavic lexical isoglosses in EDPC (1. PC *ēskyo- ‘moon’ [OIr. éscae, ésca, éisce]; 2. PC *fitu- ‘food’ [OIr. ith]; 3. PC *lūtu- ‘anger, power’ [OIr. lúth]; 4. PC *ruxtu- ‘noise’ [MIr. rucht]; 5. PC *slowgo- ‘troop, army’ [OIr. slúag, slóg]; 6. PC *talskV- ‘fragment, piece’ [cf. OIr. tailm]; 7. PC *krissu- ‘belt’ [OIr. cris]; 8. PC *kat-yo- ‘throw’ [OIr. caithid]), and proposes some new etymologies (1. PC *obnu ‘fear’ [OIr. omun]; 2. PC *frāno- ‘mane’ [ModIr. rón]; 3. PC *gissā- ‘taboo, prohibition’ [MIr. geis]; 4. PC *wesnālā- ‘swallow’ [OIr. fannall]).

A criticism of the proposals by K. McCone (in Sprachkontakt und Sprachwandel, 2005) and D. Stifter (in Ériu 60), suggesting a Romance origin for the Basque word.

Discusses Irish names in both Ogam and Roman script: maccvdecceti (cf. OIr. Macc Deichet); camvloris; fannvci; nefroihi (cf. OIr. Nad-Froích); filius carotinn (cf. OIr. Macc Cáerthainn).

Incl. discussion of partán ‘crab’, Partraige (ethnonym), (partaing > Lat. parthicus), pattu ‘hare’, petta ‘hare’, pell ‘horse’, pít ‘portion of food’, pluc `(round) mass’, prapp ‘rapid’, gliomach ‘lobster’, faochán ‘periwinkle’, ciotóg ‘left hand’, bradán ‘salmon’, scadán ‘herring’. Cf. G. R. Isaac, in Ériu 53 (2003), pp. 151-155.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

aghaidh and oidhe(adh) meaning ‘deserts’ in idiomatic expressions should be written an fhoighe since < OIr. foigde ‘begging’.

Followed by an Addendum to Éigse 7 (1953-55), pp. 265-6.

Chap. 2: Names [for the wolf in Irish, i.e. bréach, mac tíre, faolchú, cú allaidh, cú allta, etc.), and their attestation in toponymy and anthroponymy]; chap. 3: Mythology, folklore and superstitions [incl. early Irish sources].

Rev. by
Aleks Pluskowski, in IHS 38, nº 151 (May, 2013), pp. 528-530.

1. faopach (< fadhb(h)thach); 2. *lora (lora ‘a squirrel’ in DIL derives from a misprint of iora).

Origin of mar a ‘where’; cf. ScG far a.

1. Glenravel. 2. Farnaght. 3. Ballyhaukish. 4. Barnagrotty. 5. Castlewarden. 6. Drumacoo. 7. Heapstown. 8. Iffa and Offa. 9. Inch St Laurence. 10. Killeshin. 11. Tirerrill. 12. Toberdan. 13. Tolka. 14. Woodstock. 15. Woodstock. 16. Finnoo. 17. Evegallahoo. 18. Lismakeery. 19. Ballymakeery. 20. Sheen. 21. Shiven. 22. Shimna.

1. Glenravel. 2. Farnaght. 3. Ballyhaukish. 4. Barnagrotty. 5. Castlewarden. 6. Drumacoo. 7. Heapstown. 8. Iffa and Offa. 9. Inch St Laurence. 10. Killeshin. 11. Tirerrill. 12. Toberdan. 13. Tolka. 14. Woodstock. 15. Woodstock. 16. Finnoo. 17. Evegallahoo. 18. Lismakeery. 19. Ballymakeery. 20. Sheen. 21. Shiven. 22. Shimna.

2.1: Proposes that OIr. fás (Celt. *wās-) is a loan word from Proto-Basque.

(a) *fo·aisci, do·fāisce: ad J. Carney’s discussion of fásc ‘announcement’ and tásc ‘tidings received’, in Ériu 18 (1958), p. 34 (cf. BILL 5527); (b) tinchosc, tecosc: more on derivatives of sechid, including écosc; (c) sich ‘said’: ad J. Carney, ibid., p. 14 §13c, read sích.

1. conús [also conuas, conas, both < canós]; 2. froisín [< fras + ín]; 3. priompallán [also pr(o)impeallán, prompalán < Engl ‘bumble’ (= ‘bumblebee’; prombarlán, plumbarlán, primpearlán, plimpearlán, prumparlán < Engl ‘bumbler’ (= ‘bumblebee’); variants with tr(i)omp-, trump-, treamp- influenced by trompa ‘jew’s harp’; ‘etymological’ spelling proimpsheilleán derives from W. Shaw’s form priompsheillain]; 4. rumpall [< Engl ‘rumble’; cf. ‘etymological’ spelling rumptholl]; 5. *alfat ‘a cause’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707), who copied two consecutive words (al, fáth) in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662) as one word; gives rise to other variants: alfad, álfath, alfáth]; 6. *alfhalach ‘hide’ [an error traceable to E. Lhuyd (1707) for a bhfalach in R. Plunkett’s dictionary (1662); gives rise to alfalach ‘thoroughly hid’].

Elucidates the meaning of ScG fathamas, and argues it is identical with Ir. ómós, fómós and Mx. ammys.

Part I (Secular): (A) Armagh plain: Macha, Emain Macha, Oenach Macha, Drumconwell, Creeveroe and divisions; Loughnashade, Kings Stables, Ráth Cimbaíth, Tullyworgle, Bull’s Track; (B) South Armagh: Slieve Gullion, Sliab Monduirn, Sliab Fuait, Áth na Foraire, Béal Átha an Airgid, Dorsey, Loch Echtra, Nemed, Callan, Ardachadh, Cloenloch, Forkill, Midluachair, Fiodh Conaille, Fathom, Carnbane, Búrach Ulad. Part II (Lives of St. Patrick): Ind Fherta, Ard Macha, Ard Sailech, Telach na Licce, Tamlachta Bó, Cenngoba, Oenach Macha, Nemed.

The families: Mac Ailín: ‘Mac Allen’, Mac Callion, Campbell; Mac an Bhaird: ‘Macaward’, Ward; Mac Carmaic, Mac Cormaic: MacCormick; Mac Colgan: Mac Colgan; Mac Conghail: MacGonigle, Magonigle; Mac Daibhid: MacDevitt, MacDaid; Mac Duinnshléibhe, Mac an Ultaigh, Ultach: Donleavy, MacNulty, Ultagh; Mac Giolla Bhrighde: ‘McKilbridey’, MacBride; Mac Giolla Easpaig: Gillespie; Mac Lochlainn: MacLaughlin, MacLoughlin; Mac Niallghuis: MacNelis, ‘McEnellis’; Mac Robhartaigh: Magroarty; Mac Suibhne: MacSweeney; Ó Baoighill: O Boyle; Ó Breisléin: O Breslin, Bryce; Ó Brolcháin: O Brillaghan, Bradley; Ó Canannáin: O Cannon, Canning; Ó Cléirigh: O Clery, Clarke; Ó Dochartaigh: O Dogherty; Ó Dubhthaigh: O Duffy; Ó Duibh Dhíorma: O Dooyeearma, MacDermot; Ó hEarcáin: O Harkin; Ó Firghil: O Friel; Ó Gairmleadhaigh: O Gormley; Ó Gallchobhair: O Gallagher; Ó Maoil Doraidh: O Mulderry; Ó Maoil Fhábhaill: O Mulfail, Faul, MacFaul; Ó Maoil Mhoichéirghe: ‘O Mulmogheery’, Early; Ó Muirgheasáin: O Morrison, Bryson; Ó Robhartaigh: O Roarty;.

On the adverbial/impersonal use of the 3sg. m./n. of conjugated prepositions referred to in Bardical syntactical tracts.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

The Threefold Death motif in Diamait’s response to Maelodrán: Fé frit, a gilla, ar Diarmait, rom goin dlaí, rom loisc dlaí, rom tesc dlaí (see D. Greene, Fingal Rónáin and Other Stories (ll. 912-13) [= BILL 5065]).

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

1. buachalán; 2. corrán cuiscireach; 3. feabhrán; 4. luachair; 5. lus mhic ríogh (Breatan).

ad-bheir, do-ghní, ro-d fia (= OIr. rot-bia), aill in feacht n-aill (= OIr. neut. aill), dochum/chum, beidid (< MIr. beitit), roimh^l.

barr, caoi, faitíos, feadh, grá, leisce, nós, scáth.

ad T. F. O’Rahilly, in Ériu 13/2 (1942), pp. 162-163. Also on its relation to feamain ‘sea-weed’.

ad T. F. O’Rahilly, in Ériu 13/2 (1942), pp. 162-163. Also on its relation to feamain ‘sea-weed’.

Annexes: III. Notices étymologiques: 1. Mórrígan, Mórrígu; 2. Bodb, Badb, gaul. Cathubodua; 3. Nemain; 4. Irl. Nét, celt. cont. Neto, gaul. Nantosuelta; 5. Tethra; 6. Cruinn, Cruinniuc, Crunnchu; 7. Macha; 8. Bran, fiach, fennóg; 9. Ces Ulad et Noínden Ulad.

ad O. Bergin, Gadelica 1/4 (1913), p. 271 (Best² 270); fear(r) barr < fear bairr ‘extra’.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

Studies the formation and meaning of abstract in -as.

1. *airmnecht; 2. crioslach; 3. daorach; 4. fabhairne; 5. fearacht; 6. imirt; 7. isteal; 8. praistéal.

Studies the survival of the dative plural ending -ibh as nominative plural marker in Modern Irish, discussing in particular its spread and distribution across the Gaeltachtaí as well as the effect that the phonological change to í [-i] and ú [-u] has had in the development of the plural markers of East Galway and East Ulster Irish.

Suggests Ir. Forblaith (> Farblaidh, Fearblaidh) underlies the name variously represented in Scottish historical sources by Forflissa, Fernelith, etc.

Reprinted, with revisions and an addendum, from Regions and rulers in Ireland, 1100–1650, pp. 51-53.

On the analogical spread of certain verbal endings, some of which gain independent pronominal status, e.g. -(e)as (1 sg.); -(a)is, -(a)inns, -(a)ir, -tí, -f(a)í (2 sg.); (-)mar, -(e)amuid, -muis(t) (1 pl.); (-)dar, -(a)id, -dís(t) (3 pl.); -f(e)á, -tf(a)í (impers.); -f(e)ar, -(e)adh, -(e)as (impers.) with irregular verbs; -t(e)ars, -th(e)ars, -f(e)ars (impers.).

On the adverbial suffix -in, e.g. feastain, chuigint, choíchin, thoirin, anallain, ScG mu dhéidhinn, amháin, etc.; suggests -in originated in éicin.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

Collects and analyses instances of agent nouns in -em: Prototypen bzw. frühere Bildungen (ainim(m)/anaim(m), talam); Bekannte und gesicherte -amon und -(i)i̯amon-Bildungen (airem, betham, brithem, cairem, dáilem, dúilem, féchem, fethem, flaithem, glaídem, legam, luam, medam, mraithem, orb(b)am, súainem).

Continued in Die Sprache 44 (2004), 26-69.

Discussion also concerns Irish versions of this toponymy: Muir Bhreatan, Muir Éireann, Muir nIocht, etc.

Concerns the relative chronology of Old Irish sound changes.

Argues that fēda (rather than fēdo) is the historically earlier form (vs. K. McCone, Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, 1996, p. 106).

Revises the facts exposed in K. McCone, Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, 1996, pp. 61 ff. and argues in favour of the following sequence of rules: 1) analogical replacement of thematic accusative plural ending *-ons by *-ōns, 2) raising of *ō, *ē > *ū, *ı̄, and 3) post-Common Celtic loss of *n before *(C)s.

Appendix: On the reading of Cambrai ar feda.

Discusses the roots of the verbal nouns orcon, fedan, mlegon.

Discusses terms in Old Irish and Latin caillech, cétmuinter, caillech aithrige, ailithir, fedb; clientella, mulier, uxor, vidua.

Munterividy, Feevagh, Muntercallie, Clanagherty.

Discusses the use of 24 interjections, presented in alphabetical order.

‘Just as, exactly as’ (not with full superlative meaning).

Contains an excursus on OIr. fíad ‘honour; presence’.

1. atharrach; 2. feidheal; 3. gail; 4. saltair; 5. scaradh; 6. suim.

[1.] builicín agus builcín (In the dialects of Galway, from Engl. bulkin and bulk respectively; also puilicín; other instances of alternation between initial p and b given); [2.] feidheal < meitheal (other instances of alternation between initial f and m given).

Discusses the semantic change (need >) lack > desire in (II) Irish (díth, dígbál (> mod. díobháil), feidhm, do-esta (> mod. teastuighidh), atá …ó, oireann …do, (III) Manx (laccal, feme), and (IV) Scottish Gaelic (tha …a dhìth air …, is e a tha bho …).

-ráith, -táich, -lámair, -fáig, -fáid.

Discusses the origin of the Old Irish suffixless preterites fíu, fáid and fáig, and the origin of the ā-preterite.

Calls attention to the variant paradigm in fua- attested in Modern Irish for the past tense of téigh, and argues that this, along with the paradigm in chá- (cf. bardic cháidh and ScG chaidh), results from the blending of synonymous ro-fáith and do-chuaidh.

ad §5 (as ed. by G. S. M. Walker 1957). Reads Felmedo (Latinisation of OIr. personal name *Felmed ∼ Feidlimid).

< *u̯edh-mn ‘binding’.

Discusses features found in MS NLS, Advocates’ 72.1.1: 1. Preterite passive form; 2. Present passive form; 3. dh’ before vowel sounds; 4. Imperfect/conditional second person singular; 5. Demonstrative relative; 6. Nasalization; 7. Is ann; 8. Plurals in -ann; 9. Caducous vowels; 10. Vowel-lengthening before long liquids; 11. Voicing of -p- in mp-group; 12. Aitte; 13. An aire; 14. Easbaig; 15. Eiphit; 16. Fèill; 17. Glais; 18. Seann-; 19. Teirig; 20. Toir; 21. Thusa.

Suggests it derives from a Gaelic word describing the crossed pattern of the fabric (< *tarsnán or another derivative of tarsna).

Anesus (Nesus), Bríg, Ciar, Conchliath, Damán, Feilic, Feimme, Medrán, Meic Mochoba, Modiúit (Modút), Ródán, Sénán, Sillán, T’eolas.

Discusses features found in MS NLS, Advocates’ 72.1.1: 1. Preterite passive form; 2. Present passive form; 3. dh’ before vowel sounds; 4. Imperfect/conditional second person singular; 5. Demonstrative relative; 6. Nasalization; 7. Is ann; 8. Plurals in -ann; 9. Caducous vowels; 10. Vowel-lengthening before long liquids; 11. Voicing of -p- in mp-group; 12. Aitte; 13. An aire; 14. Easbaig; 15. Eiphit; 16. Fèill; 17. Glais; 18. Seann-; 19. Teirig; 20. Toir; 21. Thusa.

Presents and discusses a corpus of fair-names, including a section on fair-name typology.

Anesus (Nesus), Bríg, Ciar, Conchliath, Damán, Feilic, Feimme, Medrán, Meic Mochoba, Modiúit (Modút), Ródán, Sénán, Sillán, T’eolas.

Early reflexive constructions without féin, etc.; emphatic / contrastive use of féin, etc.; reflexive use of féin.

On the use of féin as focusing particle in Modern Irish.

Addenda & corrigenda in JKAHS (2nd Series) 4 (2004), pp. 168-169.

ad D. Greene, The chariot as described in Irish literature, 1972.

Includes a discussion of the etymology of the Old Irish terms blíadain, ónn uraid (MIr. innuraid), gaim, gem, gam, gaimred, errach, sam, samrad, fog(a)mar, feis, gamuin, fannall, samaisc, eórna.

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

1. cómhrac i dtóin [and gáir faoi tholl]; 2. fochraí (an) lae [< fochroíb; cf. also forcraid, fortraid; for variation in similar clusters, cf. M. A. O’Brien, in Celtica 2/2 (1954), p. 353]; 3. feiste [‘entertainment’; feist, eisteas, feisteas; 4. crioslach [crioslaí pl.]; 5. seir; 6. paidir chapaill; 7. púirín; 8. is (ní) luar liom [luar < lú orm]; 9. tɑ: tu: tau [togha].

1. cómhrac i dtóin [and gáir faoi tholl]; 2. fochraí (an) lae [< fochroíb; cf. also forcraid, fortraid; for variation in similar clusters, cf. M. A. O’Brien, in Celtica 2/2 (1954), p. 353]; 3. feiste [‘entertainment’; feist, eisteas, feisteas; 4. crioslach [crioslaí pl.]; 5. seir; 6. paidir chapaill; 7. púirín; 8. is (ní) luar liom [luar < lú orm]; 9. tɑ: tu: tau [togha].

Discusses the final element of cúlad (< cúl + *u(e)itā).

Argues these British words are erudite adaptations into Breton and Welsh respectively of OIr. félire, and not direct borrowings from Latin.

partán, Partraige; ad G. Isaac, in Ériu 53 (2003), pp. 151-153; cf. P. Schrijver, in Ériu 51 (2000), pp. 195-199.

Further non-Indo-European etyma discussed include: pell/fell, petta, pít/fít, pluc/prapp, patu/pata, scatán, ciotóg.

Discusses OIr. mac uad (Corm. Y 599) and its relationship to W tad awen (in Talhaearn’s epithet Tat Aguen).

ad §5 (as ed. by G. S. M. Walker 1957). Reads Felmedo (Latinisation of OIr. personal name *Felmed ∼ Feidlimid).

Discusses the semantic change (need >) lack > desire in (II) Irish (díth, dígbál (> mod. díobháil), feidhm, do-esta (> mod. teastuighidh), atá …ó, oireann …do, (III) Manx (laccal, feme), and (IV) Scottish Gaelic (tha …a dhìth air …, is e a tha bho …).

Speculates that it may be cognate to W gwyfen ‘moth’.

§7. Irish femen and related forms.

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

Reply to K. H. Schmidt, in ZCP 45 (1992), pp. 354-356 [Review of Études Celtiques 26 (1989)]. On the reconstruction of OIr. fénae.

Includes an appendix on the principal divisions in early Irish social ideology, the four main classes being áes dána, díberga, briugaid, féni (flaithi / ríg).

Connects it with fén ‘chariot’.

Discusses the following Old and Middle Irish toponyms and ethnonyms: Albu, Ériu, Letha, Goídel, Féni.

Discusses the terms Ériu, Féni, Scotti, Goídil, Cruthin, Picti, Albu, Bretain, Angli, Saxain, Frainc, Geinti, Gaill, Gall-Ghaedhil, Nordmainn, Lochlainn, Danair.

Provides examples extracted from K. Meyer’s Fianaigecht (1993 repr.) to support a reconstruction fian^L < *wena < *ueid(h)na ‘a group belonging to the woods or forest’ semantically connected with hunting.

Investigates the causes and the chronology of the confusion between Latinus of Italy, the father-in-law of Aeneas and Iulus son of Aeneas on the one hand, with Latinus of the Tower, the father-in-law of Fénius, and Nél son of Aeneas on the other in the Irish origin legend, focusing especially in Lebor Gabála (whose various recensions are discussed) and Auraicept na nÉces.

Reconstructs the development of the Irish origin legend and discusses the Greek element in the pedigrees of the Gaels. Appendixes contain (1) the pedigrees from Noah to Míl and (2) of Partholón, Góedel and Nemed.

Annexes: III. Notices étymologiques: 1. Mórrígan, Mórrígu; 2. Bodb, Badb, gaul. Cathubodua; 3. Nemain; 4. Irl. Nét, celt. cont. Neto, gaul. Nantosuelta; 5. Tethra; 6. Cruinn, Cruinniuc, Crunnchu; 7. Macha; 8. Bran, fiach, fennóg; 9. Ces Ulad et Noínden Ulad.

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

Feohanagh, Co. Kerry.

§3. Old Irish fuil and feóil; §6. The word for the squirrel vel sim [Ir. iora ruadh, ScG feòrag].

§3. Old Irish fuil and feóil; §6. The word for the squirrel vel sim [Ir. iora ruadh, ScG feòrag].

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

On preterite forms of the verb fo(a)id ‘spends the night’.

On some of the incorrect and misleading meanings in Irish and Scottish dictionaries derived from glosses in Míchéal Ó Cléirigh’s dictionary, Focloir no Sanasan Nua (1643). 1. acht ‘danger’; 2. ailcith ‘a strand stone’; 3. aincheas ‘danger’; 4. aineach ‘horsemanship’; 5. airmid ‘a swan’; 6. aitheallach ‘a second proof’; 7. aithréos ‘manure’; 8. ala(dh) ‘a trout’; 9. argad ‘a hindrance’; 10. bacat ‘a captive’; 11. béim ‘a nation’; 12. coibhchiogh ‘ravenous, fierce’; 13. coichmhe ‘an udder’; 14. díchealtair ‘a park’; 15. fé fiadha ‘a park’; 16. fec ‘a weakness’; 17. feothán ‘a dormouse’; 18. glinn, grinn ‘a fort’, ‘a garrison’; 19. meirceann ‘a finger’; 20. rae ‘a salmon’; 21. rear ‘provision’; 22. samhlat ‘active’; 23. sithbhe ‘a city’; 24. soma ‘a flock of swans’; 25. talchara ‘a generous lover’; 26. tealgadh ‘eating, consuming’; 27. urghais ‘suppression of antiquities’.

Analysis of content and style of devotional stanzas appended to 20 dinnshenchas poems; use of Rí, Coimdiu, Dúilem, Fer adressing the Deity. Concludes that Cuán ua Lóchán (†1024) is the author. [1.] Introduction; [2.] ‘Loch Dergderc’ (beg. Inlinnse luaidim cach lá), `Áth Luain’ (beg. A ḟir théit i mag Medba), ‘Carn Furbaide’ (beg. Atá sund Carn uí Chathbath); Saltair na Rann; [2.] ‘Cleitech’ (beg. Cleitech in druí díles daith); [3.] ‘Crechmael’ (beg. In dremsa nach duairc oc dáil); [4.] ‘Es Ruaid I’ (beg. A ḟir dodechaid atuaid); [5.] ‘Lia Nothain’ (beg. Atá sunn fo choirthe chruaid), ‘Sliab Betha’ (beg. Atchíu lecht deoraid do chéin), ‘Druim Cliab’ (beg. Sunna ro boí Caurnan cas), ‘Cerna’ (beg. Cia bem sunn 'nar suide sel), ‘Loch nÉrne’ (beg. Loch nÉrne, ard a oscur), ‘Ard Macha’ (beg. In mag imriadat ar n-eich), ‘Temair III’ (beg. Temair togha na tulach); [6.] ‘Dubthir’ (beg. Dubthir Guaire, gním dia fail), ‘Nemthenn’ (beg. Dreco ingen Chalcmaíl chruaid), ‘Mag Luirg’ (beg. Is eol dam im threbthas tó); [7.] ‘Mag Muirisce’ (beg. A ḟir a Muirisc na marc); [8.] ‘Loch Néil’ (beg. Luaidim Loch Néil, násad nglé); [9.] ‘Benn Ḟoibne’ (beg. Eol dam co soirbe sercaig); 10. The rime dil: -ḟir and ‘Mag nAí' (beg. A ḟir, dia téis i Mag nAí); [11.] A poet’s enthusiasm for his subject.

Compared to Ir. Fer Caille.

Suggests diad in personal name (Fer) Diad derives from gen. *dwi-pod-os of PIE *dwi-pod-s ‘two-footed’.

Argues that the mythological names W Gwion and Ir. Fí derive from same root as OIr. fí ‘venom, poison’; furthermore, Fer Hí (LL 27b5), rather than representing eó ‘stem, tree’ as suggested in DIL E 145.19 (s.v. 3 eó), represents the generalisation of lenited Fhí.

Repr. in Coire sois, pp. 330-341.

Discusses the term briugu and the process of promotion from the freemen grades to the noble grades according to early Irish law, and also argues, based on an analysis of their property qualifications and their moral character, that the briugu of Uraicecht becc and the mruigḟer of Críth gablach (complemented by the fer fothlai) are variant designations of the same rank.

Argues that the mythological names W Gwion and Ir. Fí derive from same root as OIr. fí ‘venom, poison’; furthermore, Fer Hí (LL 27b5), rather than representing eó ‘stem, tree’ as suggested in DIL E 145.19 (s.v. 3 eó), represents the generalisation of lenited Fhí.

Lists and discusses the titles of officials of the church of Armagh found in early Irish chronicles: 1. epscop; 2. tánaise epscoip; 3. ap; 4. tánaise abbad: 5. secnap; 6. comarba; 7. airchinnech; 8. fosairchinnech; 9. maer (or ardmaer); 10. maer bachla Ísa; 11. ferthigis; 12. scríbneoir; 13. anchara; 14. fer léiginn; 15. toísech macc léiginn; 16. sacart; 17. anmchara; 18. senchaid; 19. ecnaid; 20. suí; 21. ardollam; 22. cenn bocht; 23. príomhchalladóir; 24. príomhchríochaire; 25. leabhar coimhéadaigh.

The distinction between the two kinds of fer midboth described in Críth Gablach: unnecessary to distinguish between ‘compurgation’ and ‘preserving statement’.

1. Introduction; 2.0 OIr. flechud, fliuch; 2.1 OIr. bráen; 2.2 OIr. folc; 3.0 OIr. feraid flechud; MIr. ferthain; 3.1 MIr. bā̆istech; 3.2 OIr. snigid; 3.3 EModIr. silid; 4.0 ModIr.: Introduction; 4.1 Munster; 4.2 cuir as auxiliary; 4.3 Scottish Gaelic; Manx Gaelic (uisge, sileadh; fliaghey, fliaghagh, ceau). Section 4 is based mainly on LASID quests 270, 846-48, 896.

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

Studies the formation and meaning of abstract in -as.

Ferp Cluche in De shíl Chonairi Móir represents ferb(b) chluichi ‘word of (the) contest’; ferb < Lat. uerbum; vs. C. Watkins, in Celtica 6 (1963), p. 233 n. 1. Also fonnad in DSCM means 'wheel-rim’. Implications for Lia Fáil.

Offers a new interpretation of the name Ferb based on the meaning ‘cow’ (DIL s.v. 1 ferb(b)).

vs. C. Watkins, in G. Cardona and N. H. Zide (eds.), Festschrift for Henry Hoenigswald (Tübingen 1987), 403; takes fíra to be acc. pl. fem. of adjective *wı̄ro/ā- < PIE *swēro/ā- ‘heavy’.

OIr. erp (and possibly also ferb(b)).

A salutation (‘Hail!' ‘Hail (to you too)!') containing ferda ‘manly, brave’.

A salutation (‘Hail!' ‘Hail (to you too)!') containing ferda ‘manly, brave’.

A salutation (‘Hail!' ‘Hail (to you too)!') containing ferda ‘manly, brave’.

Repr. in Latin letters in early christian Ireland, nº V.

Engl. transl.: The Táin bó Cúailnge between orality and literacy: prolegomena to a history of its development, in The Celtic West and Europe, pp. 216-226.

Studies the evolution of the figures of Medb and Fergus through the various stages of revision of the Táin, focusing on the progressive marginalization in the narrative of their love triangle with Ailill.

Addendum in ZCP 51 (1999), p. 211.

Identifies and discusses personal names of certain or arguable Irish origin (Abniar, Adamnan, Bressal, Brón, Denma, Dengus, Faelfi, Fergus, Finan, Fladgus, Reachtchriðe, Salfach, Ultan; Cuna, Cunen, Honoc, Maethcor, Mucca, Ona, Onboth).

In Appendix: The Irish names in Suadbar’s letter, by Colin Ireland [Caunchobrach, Fergus, Dominnach, Suadbar].

Variorum edition with Engl. transl. and notes of poem beg. Manib do liïc (9 ll.), which appears in two of the accounts of how Táin bó Cuailnge was rescued from oblivion. Ed. from MSS LL and RIA D iv 2.

Studies the evolution of the figures of Medb and Fergus through the various stages of revision of the Táin, focusing on the progressive marginalization in the narrative of their love triangle with Ailill.

Addendum in ZCP 51 (1999), p. 211.

Studies the term formaoil used in place-names in Ireland and Scotland (variously anglicized as Fermoyle, Formoyle, Formil, Formal, etc.), and argues it was applied to particular bare-topped hills and mountains connected to the idea of wilderness, boundaries and conflict, and in fíanaigecht also conceived as hunting reserve and place of contact with the Otherworld for Finn and his fían.

Edition of Bríatharogaim, including glossing and commentary, from MSS RIA 23 P 12, NLI G 53, TCD H 3. 18, and YBL; with translation and notes. Discussion of each of the names: Beithe, Luis, Fern, Sail, Nin, (h)Úath, Dair, Tinne, Coll, Cert, Muin, Gort, Gétal, Straiph, Ruis, Ailm, Onn, Ú(i)r, Edad (?), Idad (?), Ébad (?), Ó(i)r, Uil(l)en(n), Pín (Iphín), Iphín (Pín), Emancholl.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

1. sál; 2. sed; 3. slabar; 4. slice; 5. ta-; 6. tadg, tál; 7. tarr, torrach; 8. tinaid; 9. tindabrad, Findabair; 10. úall, úabar, úais; 11. *u̯ernā?, fern.

Discusses in particular the transliteration of the letter Fern, and the Primitive Irish phonemic value represented by the letters Gétal, S(t)raif and (h)Úath.

Ferp Cluche in De shíl Chonairi Móir represents ferb(b) chluichi ‘word of (the) contest’; ferb < Lat. uerbum; vs. C. Watkins, in Celtica 6 (1963), p. 233 n. 1. Also fonnad in DSCM means 'wheel-rim’. Implications for Lia Fáil.

Addenda & corrigenda in JKAHS (2nd Series) 4 (2004), pp. 168-169.

Normalised editions of three (late ?) Middle Irish poems from MS Brussels 20978–9 with English translation and notes. [1.] Aislinge Augustín áin, on the special virtue of the Beati (Ir. bia(i)t) (118th psalm), which is described as containing 22 chapters (coiptel) and 8 verses (fersa) in each chapter; [2.] Trí sethra ro chuala ar ló, on fasting; [3.] Cinaed, cá cin ro buí dúinn; for further comment on poem, see J. V. Kelleher, in Éigse 16/4 (1976), pp. 251-54; some discussion of phrase lemnacht la cat.

Argues that CF was composed in Connacht, the Fionntrágha alluded to being Tráigh Eothaile in Co. Sligo, and that the narrative reflects Irish politics (esp. those concerning the Ó Domhnaill lords and their Clann Suibhne mercenaries) contemporary with its earliest MS witness.

ad D. Greene, The chariot as described in Irish literature, 1972.

Discusses mainly the origin and use of OIr. reilic; also comments on fert and rúam.

Discusses the location and function of the site known as fertae fer Féic in early sources.

ad D. Greene, The chariot as described in Irish literature, 1972.

Discusses the terms dá ech, carpat, dá ndroch, fonnaid, sithbe, feirtsi, crett, cuing, dá n-all, clár, suide, etruide, éissi, brot.

Proposes it is the Dundrum inlet, in Co. Down; also discusses the connected early place-names Loch Rudraige, Fertas Rudraige and Tonn Rudraige.

1. Introduction; 2.0 OIr. flechud, fliuch; 2.1 OIr. bráen; 2.2 OIr. folc; 3.0 OIr. feraid flechud; MIr. ferthain; 3.1 MIr. bā̆istech; 3.2 OIr. snigid; 3.3 EModIr. silid; 4.0 ModIr.: Introduction; 4.1 Munster; 4.2 cuir as auxiliary; 4.3 Scottish Gaelic; Manx Gaelic (uisge, sileadh; fliaghey, fliaghagh, ceau). Section 4 is based mainly on LASID quests 270, 846-48, 896.

Lists and discusses the titles of officials of the church of Armagh found in early Irish chronicles: 1. epscop; 2. tánaise epscoip; 3. ap; 4. tánaise abbad: 5. secnap; 6. comarba; 7. airchinnech; 8. fosairchinnech; 9. maer (or ardmaer); 10. maer bachla Ísa; 11. ferthigis; 12. scríbneoir; 13. anchara; 14. fer léiginn; 15. toísech macc léiginn; 16. sacart; 17. anmchara; 18. senchaid; 19. ecnaid; 20. suí; 21. ardollam; 22. cenn bocht; 23. príomhchalladóir; 24. príomhchríochaire; 25. leabhar coimhéadaigh.

Discusses the OIr. musical terms fetán, cúisech, cuisle(nn), buinne with the aim of offering a precise indentification of the musical instruments they refer to.

Discusses the OIr. musical terms fetán, cúisech, cuisle(nn), buinne with the aim of offering a precise indentification of the musical instruments they refer to.

Argues that reilic in the legal commentary found in CIH iii 820.42-821.5 refers not to cemeteries but to the the making of oaths on relics.

Collects and analyses instances of agent nouns in -em: Prototypen bzw. frühere Bildungen (ainim(m)/anaim(m), talam); Bekannte und gesicherte -amon und -(i)i̯amon-Bildungen (airem, betham, brithem, cairem, dáilem, dúilem, féchem, fethem, flaithem, glaídem, legam, luam, medam, mraithem, orb(b)am, súainem).

Continued in Die Sprache 44 (2004), 26-69.

Calls attention to the variant paradigm in fua- attested in Modern Irish for the past tense of téigh, and argues that this, along with the paradigm in chá- (cf. bardic cháidh and ScG chaidh), results from the blending of synonymous ro-fáith and do-chuaidh.

Proposes a Norse etymology.

Derives the f-future from *bhwā. Also discusses the changes f > β, β > f.

Discusses is ed mod, is ing, is ar éigin ‘scarcely, hardly’, and is obair ‘it is hard, difficult’. Suggests that ModIr. fhóbair, (fh)obair ‘almost’ represents a confusion of impersonal verb fóbair and use of obair replacing earlier mod.

Discusses is ed mod, is ing, is ar éigin ‘scarcely, hardly’, and is obair ‘it is hard, difficult’. Suggests that ModIr. fhóbair, (fh)obair ‘almost’ represents a confusion of impersonal verb fóbair and use of obair replacing earlier mod.

Argues that the mythological names W Gwion and Ir. Fí derive from same root as OIr. fí ‘venom, poison’; furthermore, Fer Hí (LL 27b5), rather than representing eó ‘stem, tree’ as suggested in DIL E 145.19 (s.v. 3 eó), represents the generalisation of lenited Fhí.

Discusses a number of words borrowed mostly from Middle English, in particular fiabhras, of which it is argued that it derives from MEngl. pl. fēv(e)res.

Annexes: III. Notices étymologiques: 1. Mórrígan, Mórrígu; 2. Bodb, Badb, gaul. Cathubodua; 3. Nemain; 4. Irl. Nét, celt. cont. Neto, gaul. Nantosuelta; 5. Tethra; 6. Cruinn, Cruinniuc, Crunnchu; 7. Macha; 8. Bran, fiach, fennóg; 9. Ces Ulad et Noínden Ulad.

Argues that OIr. dám, fíad are vr̥ddhi formations of PIE *domos ‘house’, *widu ‘forest’, respectively.

Contains an excursus on OIr. fíad ‘honour; presence’.

Addendum ibid., in p. 134.

Revises the facts exposed in K. McCone, Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, 1996, pp. 61 ff. and argues in favour of the following sequence of rules: 1) analogical replacement of thematic accusative plural ending *-ons by *-ōns, 2) raising of *ō, *ē > *ū, *ı̄, and 3) post-Common Celtic loss of *n before *(C)s.

Appendix: On the reading of Cambrai ar feda.

Argues that fēda (rather than fēdo) is the historically earlier form (vs. K. McCone, Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, 1996, p. 106).

Discusses the native medieval Irish etymological tradition (bélrae n-etarscartha) with examples taken from the Auraicept [ros], Sanas Cormac [cánóin, fiadnaise, prull], Aided Cheltchair meic Uthechair [Semuine], etc.

Revises the facts exposed in K. McCone, Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, 1996, pp. 61 ff. and argues in favour of the following sequence of rules: 1) analogical replacement of thematic accusative plural ending *-ons by *-ōns, 2) raising of *ō, *ē > *ū, *ı̄, and 3) post-Common Celtic loss of *n before *(C)s.

Appendix: On the reading of Cambrai ar feda.

Hapax legomena bzw. nicht gesicherte Formen (cainim, clithem, etham, foídem, laissem, meisem/mesam, roem, sílem, sruithem, toirnem); Tierbezeichnungen (*betham, braichem, glaídem, legam, léom, sirem, toinnem, trichem/trechem); Bezeichnungen für Werkzeuge bzw. Gebrauchgegenstände (airnem, airtem, ceram, drolam, es(s)em, fíam, galam, genam/genum, ¹rúam, ²rúam, súainem); Personennamen (Aithem, *Segam, *Regam, Maram, Solam); Ähnliche Bildungen (mithem, ollam); Zusammenfassung.

Explores general concepts about the early Irish institution of brigandage within the context of Togail bruidne Da Derga, with special attention to its association with wolflike activities, and argues that the tale conveys the Christian condemnation of díberg.

Discusses the genealogical traditions connected with Fothad Canainne and Finn ua Baíscne, and also examines the meaning of the term fian.

Studies in particular the Fíanna Éireann.

Draws attention to a possible parallel from 12th c. Wales documented in Gerald of Wales’ Descriptio Kambriae.

Compares Irish Fíanna and Old Norse berserkir.

Provides further medieval Welsh parallels to the passage referred to by Simon Rodway in Studi Celtici 7.191 ff.; also suggests Welsh ynfydion may have a parallel in the Irish dám dásachtach of Togail Bruidne Da Derga.

Provides examples extracted from K. Meyer’s Fianaigecht (1993 repr.) to support a reconstruction fian^L < *wena < *ueid(h)na ‘a group belonging to the woods or forest’ semantically connected with hunting.

Studies in particular the Fíanna Éireann.

Compares Irish Fíanna and Old Norse berserkir.

[1.] general usage; [2.] Use of plural forms (units of measurement, set phrases); [3.] Irregularities of mutation. Also on the lenition of déag and fichead.

Discusses the historical morphology of OIr. fichid.

Discusses the terms fid, deach, réim, forbaid, alt, insce and etargaire as they appear in the Book of Ballymote version of Auraicept na n-éces.

ad AU 629.1, etc.

Analyses the itinerary of retreat described in Scéla mucce Meic Da Thó §§19-20 (as ed. by R. Thurneysen 1935): Mag Ailbe, Roiriu, Áth Midbine, Maistiu, Druim Criaig, Ráith Imgain, Fid nGaible, Áth mac Lúgnai, Druim Dá Maige, Áth Chind Chon.

Discusses the symbolism of the game of fidchell.

Reviews D. Binchy’s discussion (in Celtica 8.144) of the terms for games and sports named in Mellbretha: 1. lúb, líathróit; 2. corthe críche; 3. tochailt trebán; 4. lém; 5. snám; 6. sraenán; 7. brandub; 8. fidchell; 9. buanfach; 10. folach migán; 11. immarchor uanán; 12. ardchless co n-ublaib; 13. bocluasc; 14. echréim; 15. cor cloiche; 16. dréim; 17. léim; 18. díbirciud; 19. uathad fri hilar; 20. crosdibirciud; 21. táithe tuilche; 22. bundsach i n-airecht.

Appendix: A synthetic version of the lists of martial feats (cles) as found in the Ulster cycle of tales.

On the identification of brandub and fidchell.

(i) Discusses Irish lexical material culled from Agallamh na seanórach: A. Words unrecorded in DIL [airchóítid, aithrigid, Arabthach, brandaige, ceólánach, daltacán, dúblugad, dubugad, fáenad, fidchleóracht, fogablánach, forlorg, listugad, máithrigid, mallachtad, mebraigthech, rengach, ruchtad, scandradach, tinnesnadach, tóbacht, toimígiud]; B. Support for former hapax legomena [círgallach, clocásach, comonórugad, dásachtach, delgach, galraigthech, gríanánach, grithnugud, mescda, onfaisech, ríganta, trechlam, úaignige]; C. Evidence for antedating [círgallach, coinsiasach, coimesóenta, dothaim, faillige, fáiltigud, maslaigid, meraigthe, salmchetlach, taidleóír]; D. Insights into sense and usage [branán, dumugud:, conách, sceimelbord, tollchenn].

(ii) Bird names not recorded in DIL [discusses ornithological vocabulary extracted from a poem included in the Reeves Agallamh beg. Téighim toiscc d’fhulucchadh Finn]: adaircín, adarcán, adarclóc, boinndergán,brúacharán, buideóc, cricharán, crichrán, crottach, glaiseóc, petta odor, ríabóc, ruilech, scréchóc, troisc.]

Anglo-Saxon alliteration is compared to Old Irish fidrad freccomail.

With a list of all the types of linking alliteration.

Discusses the expression isara fie dúnn (Wb. 25c9), and argues it contains the 3rd sg. rel. of the future of ar-icc.

1. bestindrim; 2. dolbud; 3. ecosc; 4. figair, fiugar; 5. fuath; 6. iroin; 7. metaforde, metaforecde; 8. sciam; 9. trop; 10. tropdae; 11. tropdaid.

-ráith, -táich, -lámair, -fáig, -fáid.

Discusses the origin of the Old Irish suffixless preterites fíu, fáid and fáig, and the origin of the ā-preterite.

Three (of four) syntactic types in Old Irish relative clauses in figurae etymologicae with examples where two (or more) words of a similar etymology are brought into close syntactic connection.

Discusses the use of Gaelic legal terms and concepts in Scots law.

Repr. in Kinship, church and culture, pp. 379-397.

§1 includes a discussion of the OIr. terms fáith, fili, bard, cerd, dúan, cétal, rosc, cubaid; §5. surveys medieval Irish versification.

Contains an excursus on t-stems forming agentives, represented in Ir. by cing, fili, etc.

On OIr. fillid.

Examines the early Irish lists of cles and discusses the individual feats, primarily those associated with Cú Chulainn in Táin bó Cúailnge (cf. TBC 1 ll. 1714-1719): 1. ubullchless; 2. fáeborchless; 3. fáenchless; 4. cless cletenach; 5.téchtless; 6. corpchless; 7. cless caitt; 8. ích n-erred; 9. cor ndeled; 10. léim dar néib/néim; 11. filliud erred náir; 12. gái bolga; 13. bái brasse; 14. rothchless; 15. ochtarchless; 16. cless for análaib; 17. bruud gine; 18. sian caurad; 19. béim co commus; 20. táithbéim; 21. dréim fri fogaist agus agus dírgud crette fora rind co fonnadm níad náir.

1. Cumméne, Abbot of Iona (657-69) [Epithet ‘Ailbe’ reflects Lat. albus, Ir fionn]; 2. Flann, Abbot of Clonmacnoise (?724-732/3) [on the epithets Sinna(e) and Fíne / Fína].

Identifies and discusses personal names of certain or arguable Irish origin (Abniar, Adamnan, Bressal, Brón, Denma, Dengus, Faelfi, Fergus, Finan, Fladgus, Reachtchriðe, Salfach, Ultan; Cuna, Cunen, Honoc, Maethcor, Mucca, Ona, Onboth).

Concerns also the following OIr. words: fem(m)ain, find, Fann, gigrann, ferann, feis, feo.

Argues in favour of the possibility of an OIr. finn ‘liquid; river’ cognate with Romano-British Venta, etc.

1. sál; 2. sed; 3. slabar; 4. slice; 5. ta-; 6. tadg, tál; 7. tarr, torrach; 8. tinaid; 9. tindabrad, Findabair; 10. úall, úabar, úais; 11. *u̯ernā?, fern.

Challenges the view propounded by Léon Fleuriot and David Dumville that Finnian was essentially a British saint.

Identifies the 28 trees and shrubs listed in the eighth-century legal tract Bretha comaithchesa, which are divided into four groups of seven: 1. airig fedo ‘nobles of the wood’: daur ‘oak’, coll ‘hazel’, cuilenn ‘holly’, ibar ‘yew’, uinnius ‘ash’, ochtach ‘Scots pine?', aball ‘wild apple-tree’; 2. aithig fedo ‘commoners of the wood’: fern ‘alder’, sail ‘willow’, scé ‘whitehorn, hawthorn’, cáerthann ‘rowan, mountain ash’, beithe ‘birch’, lem ‘elm’, idath ‘wild cherry?'; 3. fodla fedo ‘lower divisions of the wood’: draigen ‘blackthorn’, trom ‘elder, bore-tree’, féorus ‘spindle-tree’, findcholl ‘whitebeam?', caithne ‘arbutus, strawberry tree’, crithach ‘aspen’, crann fir ‘juniper?'; 4. losa fedo ‘bushes of the wood’: raith ‘bracken’, rait ‘bog-myrtle’, aiten ‘gorse, furze’, dris ‘bramble, blackberry’, fróech ‘heather’, gilcach ‘broom?', spín ‘wild rose?'. Also includes brief discussion of lecla and aín, variant names for ‘rushes’, and native trees and shrubs not included in the four classes.

Discusses Tírechán’s account of St. Patrick at the well of Slán.

Argues OIr. findruine referred to tin-coated bronze.

1. Cumméne, Abbot of Iona (657-69) [Epithet ‘Ailbe’ reflects Lat. albus, Ir fionn]; 2. Flann, Abbot of Clonmacnoise (?724-732/3) [on the epithets Sinna(e) and Fíne / Fína].

On OIr. fine, long as a common Celtic inheritance.

On the use of the analogy of the four categories of kinship (gelḟine, derbḟine, íarfine, indḟine) applied to three cases of neighbourhood law: I. Bechbretha §§9-11, 18-22; II. Bechbretha §§12-13; III. Coibnes uisci thairidne §§1-3, 8. With linguistic discussion and English translation.

Appendix: ad D. A. Binchy, in Celtica 10 (1973), p. 80 §11 [Aithgabál bech].

I. Discusses the use of words to signify both an abstract concept and a person who embodies it, or both a collective and an individual member of the collective: cerd, dán, díberg, flaith, grád, nemed, ráth, naidm, aitire, cland, eclais, fine, muinter; II. The meaning of cétmuinter [Argues it meant ‘spouse’ and could be applied to both husband and wife].

fionna-chruth ‘likeness, etc.' < earlier legal term finechruth ‘hereditary features’; cf. also fineguth, finebés.

fionna-chruth ‘likeness, etc.' < earlier legal term finechruth ‘hereditary features’; cf. also fineguth, finebés.

fionna-chruth ‘likeness, etc.' < earlier legal term finechruth ‘hereditary features’; cf. also fineguth, finebés.

A typological study of heroic traditions relating to Irish Finn and Norse Sigurd.

Discusses evidence of Núadu in Irish genealogy and literature.

Argues in favour of the possibility of an OIr. finn ‘liquid; river’ cognate with Romano-British Venta, etc.

Argues in favour of the possibility of an OIr. finn ‘liquid; river’ cognate with Romano-British Venta, etc.

Discusses evidence of Núadu in Irish genealogy and literature.

1. Introduction; 2. Forms and declension of cride; 3. Sense of cride: 3.1 Primary sense: the physical heart; 3.2 Cride ‘centre, middle part, focus’ vs. medón and lár; 4. The heart as metaphor for courage; 5. The heart as seat and object of love: 5.1 Cnú and cride; 6. The heart as seat of emotions etc.; 7. ‘Heartbreak’ resulting in death: 7.1 General; 7.2 Deirdre; 7.3 Finnabair; 7.4 Donn Cúailnge; 7.5 Other instances; 8. Welsh parallels.